Flower-Visiting Insects
of Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta (Black-eyed Susan)
(Bees suck nectar and/or collect pollen; flies suck nectar or feed on pollen; beetles feed on nectar, feed on pollen, or gnaw on floral tissue; plant bugs suck nectar or feed on floral tissue; other insects suck nectar. Observations are from Robertson, Reed, Evans, Graenicher, Moure & Hurd, Petersen, LaBerge, Herms, Grundel & Pavlovic, Krombein et al., Mawdsley, Estes & Thorp, Swengel & Swengel, MacRae, Lisberg & Young, Smith et al., Grundel et al., Williams, Semmler, Voss, Wilhelm & Rericha, O'Brien, and Rightmyer as indicated below. A variety of Black-eyed Susan, Rudbeckia hirta pulcherrima, is included in these observations.)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera sn (Rb, Ev, WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus bimaculatus (Pt, WR), Bombus fraternus (Smh), Bombus griseocollis (Re, Smh, WR), Bombus impatiens (Re, WR), Bombus rufocinctus (WR), Bombus vagans (WR); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina sp. (Re), Ceratina calcarata (Gnd, WR), Ceratina dupla sn cp fq (Rb, Gr, Ev, WR), Ceratina mikmaqi (Gnd, WR), Ceratina strenua (Gnd, WR); Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Epeolus ainsliei sn (WR), Epeolus bifasciatus sn (Gr), Epeolus interruptus sn (Rb), Epeolus minimus sn (Gr), Triepeolus cressonii sn (Gr), Triepeolus lunatus concolor sn (Rb), Triepeolus lunatus lunatus sn (Rtm), Triepeolus quadrifasciatus quadrifasciatus sn (Rtm), Triepeolus simplex sn (Smh); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes agilis sn (Gr, WR), Melissodes bimaculata (LB), Melissodes boltoniae sn cp fq (Rb), Melissodes communis (Smh), Melissodes illata (Gnd), Melissodes subillata (Re, Gnd, WR), Melissodes trinodis sn (Rb, Gr, Re, WR), Svastra aegis (Smh), Svastra obliqua sn (Rb, WR), Svastra petulca (Smh); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Epeoloides pilosula sn (Gr), Nomada articulata sn (Rb, Gr), Nomada placida sn (Gr), Nomada rubicunda sn (WR); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica fq (Smh); Megachilidae (Coelioxini): Coelioxys alternata sn (Re, Gnd, WR), Coelioxys mexicana sn (Smh), Coelioxys octodentata sn (Rb), Coelioxys rufitarsis sn (WR), Coelioxys texana sn (Gr); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile albitarsis (Smh), Megachile brevis sn (Rb, WR), Megachile frugalis (WR), Megachile latimanus sn (Gr, Ev, WR), Megachile mendica (Ev, Smh), Megachile montivaga sn cp (Rb, WR), Megachile parallela sn cp (Rb), Megachile petulans (Smh, WR), Megachile policaris fq (Smh, WR), Megachile pugnata sn cp (Rb, Re, Gnd, WR), Megachile xylocopoides fq (Smh); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Osmia georgica (Smh); Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades leavitti sn cp (Rb, Smh)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Doufoureinae): Dufourea marginata (MH); Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericeus sn (Rb), Agapostemon splendens (MH), Agapostemon texanus (Re), Agapostemon virescens sn cp (Rb, Ev, Re, WR), Augochlora pura (Gnd, WR), Augochlorella aurata fq (Smh, Gnd, WR), Augochlorella persimilis (WR), Augochlorella striata sn cp (Rb, Gr, Re), Halictus confusus sn cp (Gr, WR), Halictus ligatus sn cp fq (Rb, Gr, Re, Smh, Gnd, WR), Halictus rubicundus sn cp (Gr, Ev, Pt, Smh, WR), Halictus sp. (Lasioglossum sp.) sn (Gr), Lasioglossum albipenne sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum cinctipes sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum coreopsis cp (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum coriaceum (Ev), Lasioglossum foxii sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum hitchensi (WR), Lasioglossum imitatum sn cp (Gr, WR), Lasioglossum leucocomum (WR), Lasioglossum leucozonium (Gnd), Lasioglossum lustrans sn np (ET, Smh), Lasioglossum pectorale sn cp fq (Rb, Gr, Ev, Re, Gnd, WR), Lasioglossum perpunctatum (Re, WR), Lasioglossum pilosum sn cp (Rb, Gr, Ev, Re, WR), Lasioglossum planatum (WR), Lasioglossum pruinosum sn (Rb, Re), Lasioglossum rohweri (Re), Lasioglossum subviridatum (Gnd), Lasioglossum tegulare sn (Gr, Smh), Lasioglossum truncatum (WR), Lasioglossum versatum (MH, WR), Lasioglossum vierecki (MH); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes eulophi sn cp (Rb), Colletes robertsonii (Smh); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus affinis (Smh); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena aliciae (WR), Andrena fragilis sn (Gr), Andrena helianthiformis (Smh), Andrena miranda (Kr), Andrena peckhami sn cp (Gr), Andrena rudbeckiae sn cp fq icp olg (Rb, Gr, Ev, Re, Kr, WR), Andrena wilkella (WR); Andrenidae (Panurginae): Calliopsis andreniformis sn (Gr), Heterosarus albitarsis sn cp fq icp (Rb, Kr, Gnd, WR), Heterosarus rudbeckiae sn cp fq olg (Rb, Kr), Perdita bequaerti (WR)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix americana sn (Gr, Re, WR), Bicyrtes ventralis sn (Gr, Re, WR), Glenostictia pictifrons sn (Rb); Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Philanthus bilunatus sn (Gr), Philanthus gibbosus sn (Gr); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi sn (Gr), Ammophila nigricans sn fq (Rb), Ammophila pictipennis sn (Rb), Isodontia mexicana sn (OB), Prionyx thomae sn (Rb); Scoliidae: Campsomeris plumipes sn (WR); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus catskill sn (Gr), Euodynerus annulatus sn (Rb), Euodynerus foraminatus sn (Gr), Stenodynerus anormis sn (Rb); Braconidae: Agathis longipalpus sn (Rb)
Ants
Formicidae (Formicinae): Camponotus subbarbatus sn np (WR), Formica dolosa sn np (WR), Formica incerta sn np (WR), Formica subsericea sn np (WR), Lasius alienus sn np (WR); Formicidae (Myrmicinae): Crematogaster cerasi sn np (WR), Myrmica fracticornis sn np (WR)
Flies
Stratiomyidae: Anoplodonta nigrirostris sn (Rb), Hedriodiscus binotatus (Gr, WR), Hedriodiscus vertebratus (Gr, Re), Nemotelus kansensis (WR), Odontomyia cincta (Gr), Odontomyia virgo (Gr); Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua sn (Rb), Copestylum vittatum sn fp (Rb, WR), Eristalinus aeneus sn (Rb), Eristalis sp. (Re), Eristalis dimidiata sn (Rb, Gr), Eristalis flavipes (WR), Eristalis stipator sn fq (Rb, Re, WR), Eristalis tenax (Gr), Eristalis transversa sn fq (Rb, Gr, Re, WR), Eupeodes americanus (Gr), Helophilus latifrons sn (Rb), Paragus tibialis sn fp (Rb), Sphaerophoria sp. (Re), Sphaerophoria contiqua sn (Rb, Gr), Syritta pipiens sn (Rb, Gr), Syrphus sp. (Re), Toxomerus geminatus (Gr), Toxomerus marginatus sn fq (Rb, Gr, Re, WR), Tropidia mamillata sn (Rb); Empidae: Empis clausa sn (Rb); Hybotidae: Syneches simplex (WR); Tipulidae: Limonia canadensis (Gr); Milichiidae: Eusiphona sp. (Re), Eusiphona mira (Gr); Bombyliidae: Bombylius fraudulentus sn (WR), Bombylius major sn (Gr), Chrysanthrax sp. (Re), Dolichomyia sp. (Gr), Exoprosopa caliptera (Re), Exoprosopa decora sn (Rb), Exoprosopa fascipennis sn (Rb, WR), Exoprosopa meigenii sn (Rb), Geron calvus (Gr) fq, Lepidophora sp. (Re), Lepidophora lepidocera (WR), Lepidophora lutea (WR), Paravilla sp. (Re), Paravilla separata (WR), Poecilanthrax sp. (Re), Poecilanthrax halcyon (Gr), Poecilognathus punctipennis (Gr), Poecilognathus sulphurea sn (Rb), Pthiria cincta sn fq (Coquillett, MS), Sparnopolius confusus sn (Rb, Gr), Systoechus sp. (Re), Systoechus vulgaris (WR); Conopidae: Thecophora abbreviata sn (Gr), Zodion fulvifrons sn (Rb, Gr); Tachinidae: Archytas sp. (Re), Archytas analis sn (Rb), Copecrypta ruficauda sn (Rb), Cylindromyia binotata sn (Rb), Cylindromyia carolinae (Gr), Cylindromyia dosiades (Gr), Cylindromyia euchenor sn fq (Rb), Estheria tibialis (Gr), Gymnosoma fuliginosum (Gr), Phyllomya cremides (Gr), Ptilodexia incerta (Re), Spallanzania hesperidarum sn fq (Rb, Gr); Muscidae: Bithoracochaeta leucoprocta sn (Rb); Anthomyiidae: Leucophora siphonina sn; Calliphoridae: Lucilia illustris (Gr); Lauxaniidae: Camptoprosopella vulgaris sn (Rb); Sarcophagidae: Sphixapata trilineata (Gr); Tephritidae: Paroxyna clathrata sn (Gr)
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Boloria bellona sn (Gr), Cercyonis pegala sn (WR) Chlosyne nycteis sn (Rb), Danaus plexippus sn (WR), Limenitis archippus sn (Rb, WR), Phyciodes tharos sn (Gr, WR), Speyeria cybele sn (Rb), Vanessa atalanta sn (WR), Vanessa cardui sn (WR); Lycaenidae: Lycaeides melissa samuelis sn fq (GP, Hm, Sw), Lycaena hyllus sn (Rb), Satyrium calanus sn (Gr), Satyrium edwardsii sn (Re); Pieridae: Colias sp. sn (Re), Colias eurytheme sn (WR), Colias philodice sn (Rb), Pieris rapae sn (Rb)
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Anatrytone logan sn (Re), Euphyes vestris sn (Re), Hesperia comma laurentina sn (V), Oarisma poweshiek sn (Smm)
Moths
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis sn (Rb, Re); Gelechiidae: Gelechia sp. sn (Gr); Noctuidae: Anagrapha falcifera sn (Rb); Pterophoridae: Geina tenuidactylus sn (Gr)
Beetles
Buprestidae: Acmaeodera ornata (McR), Acmaeodera pulchella (Gr, WR), Agrilaxia flavimana (McR, WR); Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Wms, WR); Cerambycidae: Batyle suturalis (WR), Typocerus octonotatus (WR), Typocerus sinuatus sn fp fq (Rb); Chrysomelidae: Acanthoscelides calvus (WR), Acanthoscelides seminulum (WR), Diabrotica cristata (WR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata fp (Rb); Cleridae: Phyllobaenus pallipennis (WR), Phyllobaenus pubescens (Mwd), Trichodes apivorus (Gr), Trichodes nuttalli (Mwd); Coccinellidae: Coccinella novemnotata (Gr); Curculionidae: Centrinites strigicollis (WR), Nicentrus lecontei (WR), Odontocorynus salebrosus (WR), Odontocorynus scutellum-album fp (Rb, WR); Meloidae: Epicauta murina fp (Rb), Nemognatha nemorensis (WR), Zonitis vittigera fp lgf (Gr, WR); Melyridae: Attalus terminalis (WR); Mordellidae: Mordella atrata (WR), Mordella marginata (WR), Mordella melaena (WR), Mordellina pustulata (WR), Mordellistena aspersa (WR), Mordellistena cervicalis (LY, WR), Mordellistena rubrilabris (LY); Scarabaeidae: Macrodactylus subspinosus (WR), Trichiotinus viridans (WR)
Plant Bugs
Coreidae: Merocoris distinctus (WR); Lygaeidae: Ligyrocoris sylvestris (Gr); Miridae: Lygus lineolaris (Rb, Gr, WR), Plagiognathus sp. (Gr), Plagiognathus politus (WR); Reduviidae: Sinea diadema prd np (WR); Rhopalidae: Harmostes reflexulus (WR); Rhyparochromidae: Ligyrocoris diffusus (WR); Thyreocoridae: Corimelaena lateralis (WR)