Flower-Visiting
Insects
of Butter-and-Eggs
Linaria vulgaris (Butter-and-Eggs) introduced
(Bees suck nectar or collect pollen, beetle and wasp activity is unspecified, while other insects suck nectar. According to Robertson, only bumblebees are effective at cross-pollination, although Arnold states that Halictid bees are also effective. Observations are from Robertson, Arnold, Macior, Swengel, Williams, and O'Brien as indicated below.)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera sn cp np (Rb); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus affinis fq (Arn, Mc), Bombus auricomus fq (Mc), Bombus bimaculatus (Mc), Bombus fervidus fq (Arn, Mc), Bombus griseocollis fq (Mc), Bombus impatiens sn cp (Rb), Bombus pensylvanicus sn cp fq (Rb, Mc), Bombus terricola (Arn), Bombus vagans (Rb, Arn) sn, Psithyrus citrinus sn (Arn); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile brevis brevis cp np (Rb); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Hoplitis pilosifrons sn cp np (Rb)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon virescens sn np (Rb), Halictus confusus (Arn), Lasioglossum pilsosum (Arn), Lasioglossum tegulare (Arn)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Podalonia robusta (OB)
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Vanessa cardui sn np (Rb); Lycaenidae: Lycaeides melissa samuelis sn (Sw); Pieridae: Colias philodice sn np (Rb), Pieris rapae sn np (Rb)
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Erynnis juvenalis sn np (Rb), Polites themistocles sn np (Rb)
Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Wms)