Flower-Visiting
Insects
of Enchanter's Nightshade
Circaea lutetiana (Enchanter's Nightshade)
(Bees suck nectar and/or collect pollen; wasps and Syrphid flies suck nectar; bee flies feed on pollen & they are non-pollinating, according to Robertson; two observations are from Wilhelm & Rericha as indicated below, otherwise observations are from Robertson; this plant is sometimes classified as Circaea canadensis or Circaea lutetiana canadensis)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Bombini): Bombus pensylvanicus sn; Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina dupla dupla sn cp
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlora pura pura (WR), Augochlorella aurata (WR), Augochlorella striata sn cp fq, Augochloropsis metallica metallica sn cp, Lasioglossum fuscipenne sn cp fq, Lasioglossum imitatum sn, Lasioglossum macoupinense sn cp fq, Lasioglossum obscurum sn cp, Lasioglossum pectinatum sn cp, Lasioglossum pectorale sn, Lasioglossum versatum sn cp fq
Wasps
Chalcididae: Conura debilis sn
Flies
Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua sn, Ocyptamus fuscipennis sn, Toxomerus geminatus sn, Toxomerus marginatus sn; Bombyliidae: Anthrax oedipus fp np, Hemipenthes sinuosa fp np