Flower-Visiting Insects
of Golden Alexanders

Zizia aurea (Golden Alexanders)
(Short-tongued bees collect pollen or suck nectar; long-tongued bees suck nectar primarily, although some also collect pollen; flies and beetles suck nectar or feed on pollen; other insects suck nectar. Most observations are from Robertson, otherwise they are from Petersen, Moure & Hurd, Reed, Krombein et al., Clinebell, Grundel et al., Tuell et al., Lovell, Stevens, Wilhelm & Rericha, O'Brien, and Williams as indicated below.)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera sn cp (Rb, Tll, WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus auricomus sn (Rb), Bombus fraternus sn (Rb), Bombus griseocollis sn (Rb), Bombus impatiens sn (Rb), Bombus pensylvanicus sn (Rb), Bombus vagans sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Anthophorinae): Exomalopsis asteris (Pt); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina sp. (Re), Ceratina calcarata (WR), Ceratina dupla sn (Rb, WR), Ceratina mikmaqi (WR), Ceratina strenua (WR); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Synhalonia speciosa sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada spp. sn (Re, Tll), Nomada affabilis sn (Rb), Nomada articulata sn (Rb, WR), Nomada denticulata sn (Rb, WR), Nomada integerrima sn (WR), Nomada ovata sn (Rb), Nomada sayi sn (Rb), Nomada superba sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica (WR); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile relativa (Stv); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Hoplitis pilosifrons sn (Rb, WR), Osmia atriventris sn cp (Rb), Osmia pumila sn (Rb); Megachilidae (Stelidini): Stelis lateralis sn (Rb); Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades carinata (WR)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericeus sn (Rb), Agapostemon virescens sn (Rb), Augochlora pura sn (Rb, WR), Augochlorella aurata sn cp fq (Rb, Tll, WR), Augochlorella persimilis (WR), Augochlorella striata sn cp fq (Rb, Re), Augochloropsis metallica fulgida (WR), Augochloropsis metallica metallica sn (Rb), Halictus confusus sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Halictus ligatus sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Halictus parallelus sn (Rb), Halictus rubicundus sn fq (Rb), Lasioglossum admirandum (Tll, WR), Lasioglossum albipenne sn cp (Rb, Re), Lasioglossum anomalum (WR), Lasioglossum birkmanni (WR), Lasioglossum coreopsis sn (Rb), Lasioglossum coriaceum sn (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum forbesii sn (Rb), Lasioglossum foveolatum (Gnd), Lasioglossum foxii sn (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum hitchensi (WR), Lasioglossum imitatum sn cp fq (Rb, Re), Lasioglossum leucocomum (WR), Lasioglossum lineatulum (Re), Lasioglossum macoupinense sn (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum nigroviride (WR), Lasioglossum obscurum (MH, WR), Lasioglossum pectorale sn (Rb, Re, WR), Lasioglossum perpunctatum (WR), Lasioglossum pictum (Re), Lasioglossum pilosum sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Lasioglossum pruinosum sn cp (Rb, Re), Lasioglossum rohweri (Re), Lasioglossum tegulare sn cp (Rb), Lasioglossum versatum sn cp fq (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum vierecki (Re, WR), Lasioglossum viridatum (WR), Lasioglossum zephyrum sn (Rb, WR), Paralictus platyparius sn (Rb), Paralictus simplex sn (MH); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes sp. sn (Re), Sphecodes cressonii sn (Rb), Sphecodes dichrous sn (Rb), Sphecodes mandibularis sn (WR), Sphecodes ranunculi sn (Rb); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes aestivalis sn fq (Rb, Kr), Colletes simulans armata sn (Rb); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus sp. (WR), Hylaeus affinis sn fq (Rb, Re, Tll, WR), Hylaeus fedorica (WR), Hylaeus illinoisensis (Re, WR), Hylaeus mesillae sn icp (Rb, Re, Gnd, Tll, WR), Hylaeus modestus sn (Rb, Tll), Hylaeus sparsus (WR); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena spp. (Tll), Andrena brevipalpis (WR), Andrena carlini (WR), Andrena ceanothi (Gnd), Andrena crataegi sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Andrena cressonii sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Andrena erythrogaster (Re, Kr), Andrena forbesii sn (Rb, Kr), Andrena geranii sn (WR), Andrena hippotes (Kr, WR), Andrena illinoiensis sn (Rb, Kr), Andrena imitatrix sn (WR), Andrena miranda (Kr), Andrena nasonii sn (Rb, WR), Andrena nigrae (Kr), Andrena nigrifrons (Kr), Andrena nuda sn (WR), Andrena quintilis (Kr), Andrena rugosa (Kr), Andrena sayi sn (WR), Andrena wheeleri (WR), Andrena wilkella (Re), Andrena ziziae sn cp fq icp olg (Rb, Re, Kr, Cl, WR)

Wasps
Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Ectemnius atriceps sn fq (Rb), Ectemnius continuus sn (Rb, WR), Ectemnius decemmaculatus sn (Rb), Ectemnius dives sn (WR), Ectemnius lapidarius sn fq (Rb, WR), Ectemnius rufipes sn (Rb), Ectemnius scaber sn (WR), Ectemnius trifasciatus sn (Rb), Lestica confluenta sn fq (Rb), Lestica producticollis sn (WR), Oxybelus uniglumis sn (Rb); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Chalybion californicum sn (OB); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus adiabatus sn (Rb, Re, WR), Ancistrocerus campestris sn (Rb), Ancistrocerus catskill sn (Re, WR), Eumenes fraternus sn (Rb), Euodynerus foraminatus sn (Rb, Re, WR), Euodynerus megaera sn (Rb), Leionotus scrophulariae (Rb–MS), Leionotus ziziae (Rb–MS), Parancistrocerus perennis sn (Rb), Parancistrocerus vagus sn (Rb), Stenodynerus ammonia sn (Rb, WR), Stenodynerus anormis sn fq (Rb), Stenodynerus histrionalis sn (Rb), Stenodynerus oculeus sn (Rb), Symmorphus albomarginatus sn (Rb); Vespidae (Polistinae): Polistes fuscatus sn (Rb, Re); Pompilidae: Anoplius illinoensis sn (Rb), Anoplius marginatus sn (Re), Anoplius tenebrosus sn (Rb), Ceropales maculata sn (WR), Episyron biguttatus sn (Rb); Tiphiidae: Tiphia letalis sn (Rb); Leucospidae: Leucospis affinis sn (WR); Chrysididae: Ceratochrysis perpulchra sn (Rb); Eucoilidae: Eucoilidea canadensis sn (Rb); Ichneumonidae: Campoplex sp. sn (Re), Exyston clavatus sn fq (Rb), Temelucha platynotae sn (Rb)

Ants
Formicidae (Dolichoderinae): Dolichoderus mariae sn np (WR), Dolichoderus plagiatus sn np (WR), Dolichoderus pustulatus sn np (WR), Tapinoma sessile sn np (WR); Formicidae (Formicinae): Camponotus pennsylvanicus sn np (WR), Camponotus subbarbatus sn np (WR), Formica glacialis sn np (WR), Formica incerta sn np (WR), Formica montana sn np (WR), Formica obscuriventris sn np (WR), Formica pallidefulva sn np (WR) Formica subsericea sn np (WR), Lasius alienus sn np (WR), Prenolepis imparis sn np (WR); Formicidae (Myrmicinae): Crematogaster cerasi sn np (WR), Myrmica AF-smi sn np (WR)

Sawflies
Tenthredinidae: Pseudosiobla exavatus (Rb)

Flies
Tabanidae: Chrysops sp. (Re); Scaridae: Sciara atrata (Rb); Bibionidae: Bibio albipennis albipennis (Rb); Simuliidae: Cnephia pecuarum (Rb); Stratiomyidae: Allognosta obscuriventris (Rb), Nemotelus glaber (Rb), Odontomyia pubescens (Re); Syrphidae: Cheilosia hoodiana (Rb), Chrysogaster antitheus (Rb), Eristalis arbustorum (Rb), Eristalis dimidiata (Rb), Eristalis stipator (Rb), Helophilus fasciatus (Rb), Helophilus latifrons (Rb), Helophilus stipatus (Re), Orthonevra pictipennis (Rb), Paragus bicolor (Rb), Paragus tibialis (Rb), Sphaerophoria contiqua (Rb), Sphegina rufiventris (Rb), Syritta pipiens (Rb), Syrphus ribesii (Rb), Toxomerus marginatus (Rb, WR), Tropidia mamillata (Rb), Tropidia quadrata (WR); Empidae: Empis distans sn (Rb), Empis loripedis sn (Rb); Bombyliidae: Aldrichia ehrmanii (Rb); Conopidae: Thecophora occidensis sn (Rb), Zodion fulvifrons sn (Rb); Tachinidae: Cylindromyia fumipennis (Rb), Gymnoclytia sp. (Re), Gymnoclytia immaculata (Rb), Gymnoclytia occidua fq (Rb), Leucostoma simplex (Rb), Linnaemya comta (Rb), Lydella radicis (Rb), Paradidyma conica (Rb), Periscepsia laevigata (Rb), Phasia aeneoventris (Rb), Phasia purpurascens (Rb), Phorantha magna (Rb–MS), Siphona geniculata (Rb), Trichopoda pennipes (Rb); Sarcophagidae: Amobia aurifrons (Rb), Helicobia rapax (Rb), Sarcophaga sinuata (Rb); Muscidae: Caricea erythrocera (Rb), Morellia micans (Rb), Mydaea urbana (Rb), Neomyia cornicina (Rb); Calliphoridae: Lucilia illustris (Rb), Lucilia sericata (Rb), Phormia regina (Rb); Anthomyiidae: Adia cinerella (Rb), Botanophila inornata fq (Rb), Calythea nigricans (Rb), Delia platura (Rb); Fanniidae: Fannia manicata fq (Rb); Sepsidae: Sepsis violacea (Rb); Platystomatidae: Rivellia pallida (Rb); Chloropidae: Chlorops declinata (Rb), Chlorops proximus (Rb), Hippelates plebejus (Rb), Liohippelates flavipes (Rb), Meromyza americana (Rb), Olcella cinerea (Rb), Rhopalopterum soror (Rb), Thaumatomyia glabra (Rb); Agromyzidae: Melanogromyza aeneoventris (Rb)

Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Phyciodes tharos sn (Rb, WR); Lycaenidae: Everes comyntas sn (Rb), Lycaena phlaeas americana sn (Rb); Pieridae: Colias philodice sn (Rb)

Moths
Noctuidae: Anagrapha falcifera sn (RB); Scythrididae: Scythris eboracensis sn (WR); Thyrididae: Thyris maculata sn (WR)

Beetles
Cantharidae: Ancistronycha bilineata (Rb), Rhagonycha dichroa (Rb); Cerambycidae: Analeptura lineola (Lv2, WR), Brachysomida bivittata (Rb); Chrysomelidae: Acalymma vittatum (Rb), Acanthoscelides calvus sn (WR), Cerotoma trifurcata (Rb), Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Rb); Coccinellidae: Coleomegilla maculata (Rb, WR), Cycloneda sanguinea (Rb); Curculionidae: Centrinaspis picumna (Rb), Centrinites strigicollis (Rb, WR); Histeridae: Atholus americanus (Rb); Languriidae: Languria mozardi (Rb); Mordellidae: Mordellochroa scapularis (WR); Scarabaeidae: Macrodactylus subspinosus (WR), Onthophagus pennsylvanicus (Rb)

True Bugs
Coreidae: Merocoris distinctus sn (Wm2); Miridae: Lygus lineolaris (Rb), Orthops scutellatus sn (Wm2), Plagiognathus obscurus (Rb); Pentatomidae: Euschistus ictericus (Rb); Rhopalidae: Harmostes reflexulus (WR); Thyreocoridae: Corimelaena lateralis (WR), Corimelaena obscura (WR)

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