Flower-Visiting Insects
and Birds
of Pasture Thistle
Cirsium discolor (Pasture Thistle)
(Long-tongued bees suck nectar and/or collect pollen; most short-tongued bees collect pollen & they are non-pollinating; flies and beetles suck nectar or feed on pollen; wasps suck nectar or explore the flowers for nectar; other insects and humminbirds suck nectar. Observations are from Robertson, Reed, Moure & Hurd, Hilty, Williams, Tartaglia, and Wilhelm & Rericha as indicated below.)
Birds
Trochilidae: Archilochus colubris sn (H)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera (WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus affinis sn cp (WR), Bombus auricomus sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Bombus bimaculatus (WR), Bombus fervidus (Re, WR), Bombus fraternus sn cp (Rb), Bombus griseocollis sn (Rb, Re, WR), Bombus impatiens sn cp (Rb, Re, WR), Bombus pensylvanicus sn cp fq (Rb, Re), Bombus vagans (Re, WR), Psithyrus variabilis sn fq (Rb); Anthophoridae (Anthophorini): Anthophora terminalis (Re); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina sp. (Re), Ceratina calcarata (WR), Ceratina dupla (WR), Ceratina mikmaqi (WR); Anthophoridae (Emphorini): Melitoma taurea sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Triepeolus concavus sn (Rb), Triepeolus donatus sn (WR); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes agilis sn (Rb, Re), Melissodes bimaculata (WR), Melissodes coloradensis sn cp (Rb), Melissodes communis sn (Rb), Melissodes desponsa sn cp fq olg (Rb, Re, WR), Svastra obliqua sn cp fq (Rb, Re); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica (WR); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile latimanus sn cp fq (Rb, Re, WR), Megachile montivaga sn cp (WR), Megachile pugnata sn cp (WR), Megachile relativa (Re); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Osmia texana cp olg (WR)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon virescens (MH, WR), Augochlora pura (WR), Halictus confusus (MH), Halictus ligatus cp np (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum imitatum cp np (Rb), Lasioglossum lineatulum (Re), Lasioglossum pruinosum cp np (Rb), Lasioglossum rohweri (Re), Lasioglossum versatum cp np (Rb), Lasioglossum zephyrum (Re); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes eulophi cp np (Rb); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus sp. (Re, WR), Hylaeus affinis (WR), Hylaeus illinoisensis (WR), Hylaeus mesillae (WR); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena nubecula sn (WR)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix americana sn (WR); Ichneumonidae: Temelucha ferruginea exp np (Re)
Flies
Syrphidae: Epistrophe emarginata fp np (Re), Eupeodes americanus (WR), Toxomerus marginatus fp np (Re, WR), Toxomerus politus (WR); Bombyliidae: Exoprosopa fasciata sn (Rb), Systoechus vulgaris sn (Rb); Conopidae: Physocephala sagittaria (WR)
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Danaus plexippus sn (Rb, H, WR), Phyciodes tharos sn (WR), Speyeria cybele sn (Rb, WR), Speyeria idalia sn (Rb, WR), Vanessa atalanta sn (WR), Vanessa cardui sn (Rb, H, WR); Pieridae: Colias eurytheme sn (H), Phoebis sennae sn (Rb); Papilionidae: Papilio cresphontes sn (Rb), Papilio glaucus sn (WR), Papilio polyxenes asterias sn (Rb, H)
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Atalopedes campestris sn (WR), Epargyreus clarus sn (WR), Hesperia leonardus pawnee sn (Re), Hylephila phyleus sn (WR), Polites peckius sn (WR), Polites themistocles sn (WR)
Moths
Sphingidae: Hemaris diffinis sn (Trt), Hemaris thysbe sn (Rb, Trt, WR), Hyles lineata sn (Rb, WR)
Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Wms); Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica barberi (WR), Diabrotica cristata (WR), Diabrotica longicornis fp np (Rb), Diabrotica undecimpunctata (WR), Diabrotica virgifera (WR), Luperaltica nigripalpis (WR); Coccinellidae: Cycloneda munda sn (WR); Mordellidae: Mordellistena divisa (WR)
Plant Bugs
Lygaeidae: Lygaeus kalmii sn (WR), Lygaeus turcicus (WR); Miridae: Lygus lineolaris (WR), Plagiognathus politus (WR)