Flower-Visiting Insects
of Perennial Sowthistle
Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Sowthistle) introduced
(Bees suck nectar and/or collect pollen, wasps suck nectar, flies feed on nectar or pollen, beetles feed on nectar or feed on pollen or gnaw on floral tissue. Observations are from Williams, Wilhelm & Rericha, and Stevens. This information includes Sonchus arvensis glabrescens, also referred to as Sonchus uliginosus.)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera (WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus affinis (WR), Bombus impatiens (WR); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina calcarata (WR); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes bimaculatus bimaculatus (WR); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile centuncularis (Stv), Megachile latimanus (Stv), Megachile relativa (WR, Stv); Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades carinatus (WR)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlora pura pura (WR), Halictus ligatus (WR), Halictus rubicundus (WR), Lasioglossum leucozonium (WR); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus illinoisensis (WR)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Philanthus bilunatus sn (WR)
Flies
Syrphidae: Eristalis transversa (WR), Toxomerus geminatus (WR), Toxomerus marginatus (WR)
Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Wms); Scarabaeidae: Popillia japonica (WR)