Flower-Visiting Insects
of Smooth Ironweed

Vernonia fasciculata (Smooth Ironweed)
(This plant is also called Common Ironweed. Bees suck nectar and/or collect pollen, beetles suck nectar or feed on pollen, other insects suck nectar. Observations are from Robertson, LaBerge, Moure & Hurd, Reed, Williams, Stevens, Wilhelm & Rericha, and Rightmyer as indicated below.)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera sn (Rb, WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus auricomus sn (Rb), Bombus bimaculatus (Re), Bombus griseocollis sn (Rb), Bombus pensylvanicus sn fq (Rb), Bombus vagans (Re), Psithyrus variabilis sn fq (Rb); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina sp. (Re), Ceratina dupla sn cp (Rb); Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Triepeolus sp. sn (Re), Triepeolus concavus sn fq (Rb), Triepeolus lunatus sn (Rtm), Triepeolus nevadensis sn fq (Rb), Triepeolus remigatus sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Emphorini): Ptilothrix bombiformis sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes agilis sn (Rb), Melissodes bimaculata sn (Rb), Melissodes comptoides (LB), Melissodes denticulata sn cp fq olg (Rb, WR), Melissodes nivea sn fq (Rb), Melissodes trinodis (Re), Melissodes vernoniae sn cp fq olg (Rb), Svastra atripes sn (Rb), Svastra obliqua sn cp fq (Rb); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile centuncularis (Stv), Megachile inimica sayi sn (Rb), Megachile latimanus sn cp (Rb), Megachile mendica (WR), Megachile pugnata (WR); Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades leavitti sn cp (Rb)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericeus sn (Rb), Agapostemon virescens sn (Rb), Augochlorella striata (MH), Halictus ligatus cp (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum sp. (Re), Lasioglossum hitchensi (WR), Lasioglossum imitatum (Re), Lasioglossum pilosum sn cp (Rb), Lasioglossum pruinosum sn cp (Rb), Lasioglossum versatum cp (Rb)

Ants
Formicidae (Formicinae): Formica incerta sn np (WR), Formica pallidefulva sn np (WR), Formica subsericea sn np (WR)

Flies
Bombyliidae: Exoprosopa fasciata sn fq (Rb), Phthiria sp. (Re), Systoechus vulgaris sn (Rb), Systropus macer sn (Rb)

Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Danaus plexippus sn (Rb, WR), Phyciodes tharos sn (WR), Speyeria cybele sn (Rb); Lycaenidae: Strymon melinus sn (Rb); Pieridae: Colias philodice sn (Rb), Phoebis sennae sn (Rb), Pieris rapae sn (Rb); Papilionidae: Papilio cresphontes sn (Rb), Papilio glaucus sn (Rb, WR), Papilio polyxenes asterias sn (Rb), Papilio troilus sn (Rb)

Skippers
Hesperiidae: Epargyreus clarus sn (Rb, WR), Euphyes vestris sn (Rb), Polites origenes sn (Rb), Polites peckius sn (Rb), Polites themistocles sn (Rb)

Moths
Noctuidae: Faronta diffusa sn (Rb)

Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Wms)

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