Flower-Visiting Insects
of American Spikenard

Aralia racemosa (American Spikenard)
(bees suck nectar or collect pollen, flies & beetles suck nectar or feed on pollen, while other insects suck nectar; observations are from Lovell)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera (Lvl); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus ternarius (Lvl), Bombus terricola (Lvl), Bombus vagans (Lvl)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlorella aurata (Lvl), Lasioglossum cressonii (Lvl), Lasioglossum fuscipenne (Lvl); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes dichroa sn (Lvl); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus sp. (Lvl); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena commoda (Lvl), Andrena rugosa (Lvl)

Wasps
Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Ectemnius dilectus sn (Lvl), Ectemnius ruficornis sn (Lvl), Ectemnius stirpicola sn (Lvl), Gorytes sp. sn (Lvl); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi sn (Lvl); Vespidae: Dolichovespula arenaria sn (Lvl), Dolichovespula maculata sn (Lvl), Vespa sp. sn (Lvl), Vespula consobrina sn (Lvl); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Eumenes fraternus sn (Lvl); Pompilidae: Pompilus sp. sn (Lvl), Pompilus scelestus sn (Lvl); Chrysididae: Ceratochrysis perpulchra sn (Lvl); Perilampidae: Euperilampus triangularis sn (Lvl); Gasteruptiidae: Gasteruption assectator sn (Lvl), Gasteruption tarsatorium sn (Lvl); Ichneumonidae: Acroricnus stylator sn (Lvl), Cratichneumon unifasicatorius sn (Lvl), Ectopimorpha wilsoni sn (Lvl), Ichneumon versabilis sn (Lvl), Spilichneumon inconstans sn (Lvl);

Ants
Formicidae: Formica fusca sn (Lvl)

Sawflies
Argidae: Arge clavicornis sn (Lvl)

Flies
Tabanidae: Chrysops cincticornis (Lvl), Chrysops mitis (Lvl), Hybomitra epistates (Lvl); Syrphidae: Blera analis (Lvl), Epistrophe grossulariae (Lvl), Paragus angustifrons (Lvl), Sphaerophoria contiqua (Lvl), Syrphus ribesii (Lvl); Empididae: Rhamphomyia luteiventris (Lvl), Rhamphomyia minytus (Lvl); Tachinidae: Archytas analis (Lvl), Gymnoclytia immaculata (Lvl), Pararchytas decisus (Lvl), Tachina algens (Lvl), Zelia sp. (Lvl); Anthomyiidae: Phorbia sp. (Lvl); Calliphoridae: Lucilia illustris (Lvl), Pollenia rudis (Lvl); Muscidae: Hydrotaea anxia (Lvl), Limnophora sp. (Lvl), Macrorchis ausoba (Lvl), Morellia micans (Lvl), Neomyia cornicina (Lvl); Sarcophagidae: Helicobia rapax (Lvl)

Butterflies
Lycaenidae: Celastrina argiolus sn (Lvl), Lycaena phlaeas americana sn (Lvl); Nymphalidae: Boloria bellona sn (Lvl), Limenitis arthemis arthemis sn (Lvl), Phyciodes tharos sn (Lvl), Speyeria aphrodite sn (Lvl), Speyeria cybele sn (Lvl)

Skippers
Hesperiidae: Polites peckius sn (Lvl)

Moths
Arctiidae: Ctenucha virginica sn (Lvl)

Beetles
Cantharidae: Rhagonycha dichrous (Lvl), Rhagonycha fraxini (Lvl); Cerambycidae: Brachyleptura vagans (Lvl), Cosmosalia chrysocoma (Lvl), Metacmaeops vittata (Lvl); Dermestidae: Anthrenus sp. (Lvl); Elateridae: Ampedus collaris (Lvl); Lampyridae: Pyractomena angulata (Lvl), Pyropyga decipiens (Lvl); Mordellidae: Mordella marginata (Lvl); Scraptiidae: Anaspis rufa (Lvl), Canifa sp. (Lvl)

True Bugs
Unidentified species

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