Flower-Visiting Insects
of Whorled
Milkweed
Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed)
(Insects suck nectar; some observations are from Robertson, otherwise they are from Betz, Moure & Hurd, Hilty, Grundel & Pavlovic, Willson & Bertin, Swengel & Swengel, Steury et al., Grundel et al., and Williams as indicated below)
With pollinia:
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera fq; Apidae (Bombini): Bombus griseocallis fq, Bombus impatiens, Psithyrus citrinus; Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina dupla dupla fq; Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Triepeolus lunatus concolor; Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes bimaculata bimaculata fq; Megachilidae (Coelioxini): Coelioxys octodentata; Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile brevis brevis fq; Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades variolosa variolosa
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochloropsis metallica metallica, Halictus confusus, Halictus rubicunda, Lasioglossum forbesii, Lasioglossum pilosus pilosus, Lasioglossum versatus; Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes dichroa, Sphecodes stygius; Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus affinis
Wasps
Sphecidae (Astatinae): Astata unicolor; Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix nubilipennis; Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Anacrabro ocellatus, Ectemnius rufifemur fq; Sphecidae (Larrinae): Tachytes aurulenta, Tachytes distinctus, Tachytes pepticus fq; Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Cerceris bicornuta, Cerceris clypeata fq, Cerceris compacta fq, Cerceris frontata, Cerceris rufopicta, Eucerceris fulvipes; Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Isodontia apicalis, Prionyx thomae, Sphex ichneumonea fq, Sphex pensylvanica fq; Vespidae: Polistes fuscata; Vespidae (Eumeninae): Eumenes fraterna, Euodynerus annulatus fq, Euodynerus foraminatus, Stenodynerus anormis; Tiphiidae: Myzinum quinquecincta fq; Scoliidae: Scolia bicincta; Pompilidae: Anoplius illinoensis, Anoplius lepidus, Cryptocheilus terminatus, Entypus fulvicornis, Poecilopompilus algidus
Sawflies
Argidae: Arge humeralis
Flies
Mydidae: Mydas clavatus; Syrphidae: Eristalis latifrons, Syritta pipiens, Tropidia quadrata; Conopidae: Physocephala texana, Physocephala tibialis; Tachinidae: Archytas analis, Cylindromyia euchenor, Euclytia flava, Linnaemya comta, Spallanzania hesperidarum, Xanthomelanodes arcuatus; Sarcophagidae: Sphixapata trilineata fq; Muscidae: Neomyia cornicina; Calliphoridae: Cochliomyia macellaria, Phormia regina
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Danaus plexippus
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Polites peckius, Staphylus hayhurstii
Without pollinia:
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Bombini): Bombus pensylvanica
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericea, Lasioglossum albipennis, Lasioglossum imitatus; Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes cressonii
Wasps
Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Lestica confluentus, Oxybelus mexicanus; Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Cerceris finitima; Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila nigricans, Prionyx atrata, Sceliphron caementaria; Sapygidae: Sapyga interrupta; Chrysididae: Holopyga ventrale
Flies
Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua, Eristalis arbustorum, Eristalis transversus, Orthonevra nitida, Paragus bicolor, Sphaerophoria contiqua, Toxomerus marginatus, Toxomerus politus; Empidae: Empis clausa; Bombyliidae: Exoprosopa fasciata, Systoechus vulgaris; Conopidae: Physoconops brachyrhynchus; Tachinidae: Copecrypta ruficauda, Gnadochaeta globosa, Gymnoclytia occidua, Paradidyma spinosula, Phasia purpurascens, Plagiomima spinosula, Siphoplagia flaccidirostris (Robertson, MS), Trichopoda pennipes; Sarcophagidae: Gymnoprosopa polita, Helicobia rapax, Sarcophaga sinuata, Senotainia rubriventris; Muscidae: Graphomya americana, Limnophora narona; Anthomyiidae: Calythea nigricans; Sepsidae: Sepsis violacea
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Phyciodes tharos, Speyeria cybele, Vanessa atalanta; Lycaenidae: Everes comyntas; Lycaena hyllus; Pieridae: Colias philodice, Pieris rapae; Papilionidae: Papilio cresphontes
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Achalarus lyciades, Pholisora catullus, Polites themistocles, Pompeius verna
Moths
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis
Beetles
Cerambycidae: Typocerus sinuatus; Rhipiphoridae: Macrosiagon limbata; Scarabaeidae (Cetonniae): Trichiotinus piger
True Bugs
Phymatidae: Phymata fasciatus prd
Pollinia Presence Unspecified:
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera fq (Btz, WB, SDO); Apidae (Bombinae): Bombus bimaculatus (WB), Bombus griseocallis (Btz, WB), Bombus impatiens (WB), Bombus pensylvanica (WB), Bombus terricola (WB); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile latimanus (Btz)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlorella aurata (Gnd), Lasioglossum leucocomum (Gnd), Lasioglossum pectorale (MH), Lasioglossum vierecki (Gnd); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes banksii (Gnd); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes compactus (Btz)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix nubilipennis (Btz); Sphecidae (Larrinae): Tachytes aurulenta (Btz); Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Cerceris sp. (WB); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Prionyx atrata fq (Btz, WB), Sphex ichneumonea (Btz, H, WB), Sphex pensylvanica (Btz); Tiphiidae: Myzinum quinquecincta fq (Btz, WB); Vespidae: Polistes fuscata fq (Btz, WB); Ichneumonidae: Ceratogastra ornata (Btz)
Flies
Tachinidae: Archytas apicifer (WB)
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Danaus plexippus (WB), Junonia coenia (H), Phyciodes tharos (WB), Vanessa cardui (H); Lyacenidae: Everes comyntas (H), Lycaeides melissa samuelis (GP, Sw); Pieridae: Pieris rapae fq (WB)
Moths
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis fq (WB); Noctuidae: Agrotis ipsilon (WB), Anagrapha falcifera (WB), Autographa precationis (WB), Caenurgina sp. (WB); Sesiidae: Melittia cucurbitae (H)
Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus fq (H, WB, Wms)
True Bugs
Lygaeidae: Lygaeus kalmii (WB); Pentatomidae: Euschistus variolarius sn (Wm2); Reduviidae: Sinea diadema sn prd (Wm2)