Flower-Visiting Insects
of Wolfberry
Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Wolfberry)
(According to Graenicher, flies suck nectar or feed on pollen, while other insects suck nectar. Observations are from Graenicher, LaBerge, Moure & Hurd, Krombein et al., and Stevens as indicated below)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera sn (Gr); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus fervidus sn (Gr), Bombus pensylvanicus sn (Gr), Bombus pleuralis sn (Gr) [probable misidentification], Bombus vagans sn (Gr); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina dupla dupla sn (Gr); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes bimaculata bimaculata (LB); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada affabilis sn (Gr); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile brevis (Stv), Megachile melanophaea (Stv); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Osmia atriventris sn (Gr)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon melliventris sn (Gr), Agapostemon sericeus sn (MH, Gr), Agapostemon virescens sn (MH, Gr), Augochlorella persimilis sn (Gr), Halictus sp. sn (Gr), Halictus confusus (MH), Halictus rubicundus (MH); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes dichrous sn (MH, Gr); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes eulophi sn (Gr), Colletes latitarsis (LB, Kr); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena forbesii sn (Gr), Andrena imitatrix imitatrix sn (Gr), Andrena miranda (Kr), Andrena rugosa sn (Gr)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix americana sn (Gr); Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Lestica confluenta sn (Gr); Sphecidae (Larrinae): Tachytes pepticus sn (Gr); Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Cerceris fumipennis sn (Gr), Cerceris nigrescens sn (Gr), Philanthus bilunatus sn (Gr), Philanthus gibbosus sn (Gr); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi sn (Gr), Sceliphron caementarium sn (Gr), Sphex ichneumoneus sn (Gr), Sphex pensylvanicus sn (Gr); Pompilidae: Anoplius tenebrosus sn (Gr); Scoliidae: Campsomeris plumipes sn (Gr); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus adiabatus sn (Gr), Ancistrocerus antilope sn (Gr), Eumenes fraternus sn (Gr), Euodynerus foraminatus sn (Gr), Euodynerus leucomelas sn (Gr), Symmorphus albomarginatus sn (Gr); Vespidae (Polistinae): Polistes fuscatus sn (Gr); Vespidae (Vespinae): Dolichovespula maculata sn (Gr), Vespula germanica sn (Gr)
Flies
Stratiomyidae: Stratiomys norma sn/fp (Gr); Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua sn/fp (Gr), Eristalis anthophorina sn/fp (Gr), Eristalis brousii sn/fp (Gr), Eristalis dimidiata sn/fp (Gr), Eristalis flavipes sn/fp (Gr), Eristalis transversa sn/fp (Gr), Eupeodes americanus sn/fp (Gr), Helophilus fasciatus sn/fp (Gr), Mallota bautias sn/fp (Gr), Mallota posticata sn/fp (Gr), Sphaerophoria contiqua sn/fp (Gr), Syritta pipiens sn/fp (Gr), Toxomerus geminatus sn/fp (Gr), Toxomerus marginatus sn/fp (Gr), Tropidia quadrata sn/fp (Gr); Tachinidae: Cylindromyia carolinae sn/fp (Gr), Strongygaster triangulifera sn/fp (Gr); Calliphoridae: Calliphora vicina sn/fp (Gr), Lucilia illustris sn/fp (Gr), Phormia regina sn/fp (Gr); Muscidae: Graphomya americana sn/fp (Gr), Morellia micans sn/fp (Gr), Neomyia cornicina sn/fp (Gr), Stomoxys calcitrans sn/fp (Gr); Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga sp. sn/fp (Gr), Sarcophaga sarracenioides sn/fp (Gr)
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Danaus plexippus sn (Gr), Libytheana carinenta sn (Gr), Limenitis archippus sn (Gr), Limenitis arthemis astyanax sn (Gr), Phyciodes tharos sn (Gr), Speyeria cybele sn (Gr), Vanessa atalanta sn (Gr), Vanessa virginiensis sn (Gr); Lycaenidae: Celastrina argiolus sn (Gr), Lycaena hyllus sn (Gr); Pieridae: Colias philodice sn (Gr)
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Polites origenes sn (Gr), Polites themistocles sn (Gr)
Moths
Noctuidae: Anagrapha falcifera sn (Gr); Sphingidae: Hemaris diffinis sn (Gr)
Beetles
Scarabaeidae: Trichiotinus piger sn (Gr)