Flower-Visiting Insects
of Water Hemlock

Cicuta maculata (Water Hemlock)
(Short-tongued suck nectar and/or collect pollen, other insects suck mostly nectar, except those that are predatory, as indicated below. Observations are from Robertson, LaBerge, Mitchell, Moure & Hurd, Graenicher, Krombein et al., Mawdsley, Lisberg & Young, Williams, and Wilhelm & Rericha as indicated below)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera sn (Rb, WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus affinis sn (WR), Bombus auricomus sn (Rb), Bombus bimaculatus (WR), Bombus impatiens sn (Rb, WR); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina calcarata (WR), Ceratina strenua (WR); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes bimaculata bimaculata sn (Rb), Melissodes comptoides (LB); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile brevis brevis sn (Rb), Megachile mendica (Mch), Megachile petulans sn (Rb), Megachile pugnatus sn (Rb)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericeus sn (Rb), Agapostemon splendens (Mch), Agapostemon virescens sn (Rb), Augochlora pura pura sn (Rb, WR), Augochlorella striata sn cp (Rb), Augochloropsis metallica fulgida (WR), Augochloropsis metallica metallica sn (Rb), Halictus confusus sn (Rb), Halictus ligatus sn cp (Rb), Halictus parallelus sn cp (Rb), Halictus rubicundus sn cp fq (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum atwoodi (WR), Lasioglossum hitchensi (WR), Lasioglossum imitatum sn cp (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum laevissimum (WR), Lasioglossum pectorale (MH, WR), Lasioglossum subviridatum (WR), Lasioglossum truncatum (MH), Lasioglossum versatum sn cp (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum viridatum (WR); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes confertus sn (Mch, WR), Sphecodes dichrous sn fq (Rb, WR), Sphecodes heraclei sn (WR), Sphecodes minor sn (WR), Sphecodes stygius sn (Rb); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes eulophi sn (Rb), Colletes latitarsis sn (Rb), Colletes simulans armata sn (Rb); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus sp. (WR), Hylaeus affinis sn (Rb, WR), Hylaeus fedorica (WR), Hylaeus illinoisensis sn (Rb, WR), Hylaeus mesillae sn (Rb, WR), Hylaeus modestus modestus sn (Rb, WR), Hylaeus saniculae sn (Rb, WR); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena fragilis (Kr)

Wasps
Sphecidae (Astatinae): Astata bicolor (Rb), Astata unicolor fq (Rb); Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix americana (Rb), Bicyrtes quadrifasciata (Rb), Gorytes atricornis (Rb), Gorytes simillimus (Rb), Pseudoplisus phaleratus fq (Rb), Sphecius speciosus fq (Rb, WR), Stizoides renicinctus (Rb), Stizus brevipennis fq icp (Rb), Synnevrus aurinotus (Rb), Synnevrus plagiatus (Rb); Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Anacrabro ocellatus fq (Rb, WR), Ectemnius atriceps (Rb), Ectemnius continuus (Rb), Ectemnius decemmaculatus fq (Rb), Ectemnius lapidarius (Rb), Ectemnius maculosus (WR), Ectemnius rufifemur (Rb), Ectemnius rufipes (Rb), Ectemnius trifasciatus (Rb), Lestica confluenta (Rb, WR), Lestica producticollis (WR), Lindenius columbianus fq (Rb), Oxybelus cressonii (Rb), Oxybelus emarginatus fq (Rb), Oxybelus laetus (Rb), Oxybelus mexicanus fq (Rb), Oxybelus niger (Rb), Oxybelus packardii fq (Rb), Oxybelus uniglumis fq (Rb), Notoglossa inornata (Rb); Sphecidae (Larrinae): Ancistromma distincta (Rb), Larra analis (Rb), Liris argentata fq (Rb), Lyroda subita fq (Rb), Tachysphex acuta (Rb), Tachysphex belfragei (Rb), Tachysphex terminata (Rb), Tachytes aurulenta fq (Rb), Tachytes chrysopyga (Rb), Tachytes distinctus fq (Rb), Tachytes pepticus (Rb); Sphecidae (Pemphredoninae): Pluto tibialis (Rb); Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Cerceris bicornuta (Rb), Cerceris clypeata (Rb, WR), Cerceris compacta fq (Rb), Cerceris finitima (Rb), Cerceris fumipennis (Rb, WR), Cerceris kennicottii (Rb), Eucerceris zonata (Rb), Philanthus gibbosus (Rb); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi (Rb), Ammophila nigricans (Rb), Chalybion californicus (Rb), Chlorion aerarius fq (Rb), Eremnophila aureonotata (Rb), Isodontia apicalis (Rb), Isodontia mexicana (WR), Isodontia philadelphica (Rb, WR), Prionyx atrata (Rb), Prionyx thomae (Rb), Sceliphron caementarium fq (Rb, WR), Sphex ichneumoneus (Rb), Sphex pensylvanicus (Rb, WR); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus adiabatus (Rb), Ancistrocerus campestris (Rb, WR), Eumenes fraternus (Rb, WR), Euodynerus annulatus (Rb), Euodynerus foraminatus fq (Rb, WR), Leionotus scrophulariae (Rb, MS), Monobia quadridens (Rb), Pseudodynerus quadrisectus fq (Rb), Stenodynerus anormis (Rb); Vespidae (Polistinae): Polistes annularis (Rb), Polistes carolinus (Rb), Polistes dorsalis fq (Rb), Polistes fuscatus fq (Rb, WR); Vespidae (Vespine): Dolichovespula maculata (Rb, WR), Vespula germanica (Rb), Vespula maculifrons (WR), Vespula squamosa (Rb), Vespula vidua (Rb); Sapygidae: Sapyga interrupta fq (Rb), Sapyga louisi (WR); Tiphiidae: Myzinum carolinianum (Rb), Myzinum quinquecinctum fq (Rb, WR); Scoliidae: Scolia bicincta fq (Rb), Scolia nobilitata (Rb); Pompilidae: Ageniella fulgifrons (Rb), Ageniella longulus (Rb), Anoplius americanus (Rb), Anoplius atrox (Rb), Anoplius illinoensis (Rb), Anoplius lepidus (Rb), Anoplius nigritus fq (Rb), Anoplius tenebrosus (Rb), Ceropales bipunctata (Rb), Ceropales elegans (Rb), Ceropales fulvipes (Rb), Ceropales maculata (Rb, WR), Ceropales robinsonii (Rb), Cryptocheilus terminatus (Rb), Entypus fulvicornis fq (Rb), Entypus unifasciatus (Rb), Episyron biguttatus (Rb, WR), Evagetes ingenuus (Rb), Poecilopompilus algidus (Rb), Poecilopompilus interruptus fq (Rb), Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Rb); Mutillidae: Dasymutilla macra (Rb), Pseudomethoca frigida (Rb), Timulla vagans (Rb), Timulla sayi (Rb); Chrysididae: Ceratochrysis perpulchra (Rb), Chrysis montana (Rb), Chrysis venusta (Rb), Elampus hyalinus (Rb), Hedychridium dimidiatum (Rb), Hedychrum wiltii (Rb), Holopyga ventrale fq (Rb); Eucoilidae: Eucoila erythropa (Rb), Eucoila impatiens (Rb), Eucoilidea canadensis (Rb); Figitidae: Xyalophora quinquelineata (Rb); Chalcididae: Brachymeria ovata (Rb), Bruchophagus gibbus (Rb); Leucospididae: Leucospis affinis (Rb); Perilampidae: Euperilampus triangularis (Rb), Perilampus hyalinus (Rb); Gasteruptiidae: Gasteruption tarsatorius (Rb); Ichneumonidae: Ichneumon ambulatorius (Rb); Braconidae: Alabagrus sanctus (Rb), Bracon mellitor (Rb), Crassomicrodus divisus (Rb), Microgaster gelechiae (Rb), Vipio rugator (Rb), Vipio vulgaris (Rb)

Ants
Formicidae (Dolichoderinae): Dolichoderus mariae sn np (WR), Dolichoderus pustulatus sn np (WR); Formicidae (Formicinae): Formica fusca sn np (Rb), Formica pallidefulva sn np (WR), Prenolepis imparis sn np (WR)

Flies
Sciaridae: Eugnoriste occidentalis (Rb), Sciara atrata (Rb); Mycetophilidae: Epicypta scatophora (Rb); Tabanidae: Chrysops striatus (Rb), Tabanus lineolus (Rb); Stratiomyidae: Nemotelus glaber (Rb), Stratiomys meigenii (Rb), Stratiomys normula (Rb); Mydidae: Mydas clavatus (Rb), Mydas tibialis (Rb); Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua (Rb), Epistrophe grossulariae (Gr), Eristalinus aeneus (Rb), Eristalis flavipes (Rb), Eristalis stipator (Rb), Eristalis tenax (Rb), Mallota albipilis (Rb), Mallota bautias (Gr), Orthonevra nitida icp (Rb), Paragus bicolor fq (Rb), Paragus tibialis (Rb), Platycheirus quadratus (Rb), Sphaerophoria contiqua fq (Rb), Syritta pipiens fq (Rb), Toxomerus geminatus (Rb, WR), Toxomerus marginatus (Rb, WR), Toxomerus politus (Rb), Trichopsomyia banksi (Rb), Tropidia quadrata (Rb); Bombyliidae: Exoprosopa fascipennis (Rb), Villa alternata (Gr), Villa arenicola (WR); Scenopinidae: Scenopinus nubillipes (Rb); Conopidae: Physoconops brachyrhynchus (Rb), Thecophora occidensis (Rb), Zodion americanum (Rb); Tachinidae: Archytas analis (Rb), Archytas aterrima (Rb), Belvosia bifasciata (Rb), Belvosia unifasciata (Rb), Chetogena claripennis fq (Rb), Copecrypta ruficauda (Rb), Euclytia flava (Rb), Gnadochaeta clistoides (Rb), Gnadochaeta metallica (Rb), Gymnoclytia immaculata (Rb), Gymnoclytia occidua fq (Rb), Gymnosoma fuliginosum (Rb), Hystriciella pilosa (Rb), Linnaemya comta fq (Rb), Lydella radicis (Rb), Nemorilla pyste (Rb), Opsidia gonioides (Rb), Paradidyma singularis (Rb), Phasia aeneoventris (Rb), Phasia purpurascens fq (Rb), Spallanzania hesperidarum (Rb), Trichopoda lanipes (Rb), Trichopoda pennipes (Rb), Winthemia quadripustulata (Rb); Sarcophagidae: Amobia aurifrons fq (Rb), Blaesoxipha hunteri (Rb), Helicobia rapax (Rb), Ravinia anxia (Rb), Ravinia stimulans (Rb), Sarcophaga sinuata (Rb), Senotainia rubriventris fq (Rb), Sphixapata trilineata fq (Rb); Calliphoridae: Cochliomyia macellaria fq (Rb), Phormia regina (Rb); Muscidae: Graphomya americana (Rb), Limnophora narona (Rb), Morellia micans (Rb), Musca domestica fq (Rb), Mydaea urbana (Rb), Neomyia cornicina fq (Rb), Stomoxys calcitrans (Rb); Anthomyiidae: Calythea nigricans (Rb), Heterostylodes laevis (Rb); Fanniidae: Fannia manicata (Rb); Sepsidae: Sepsis violacea (Rb); Tephritidae: Euraresta aequalis (Rb); Chloropidae: Hippelates plebejus (Rb); Milichiidae: Leptometopa latipes (Rb)

Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Libytheana carinenta (Rb), Limenitis archippus (Rb), Phyciodes tharos (Rb), Speyeria cybele (Rb); Lycaenidae: Everes comyntas (Rb); Pieridae: Colias philodice (Rb); Papilionidae: Papilio marcellus (Rb)

Moths
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis (Rb)

Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus sn (Wms, WR); Cerambycidae: Batyle suturale (Rb), Euderces picipes sn (Rb, WR), Strangalia famelica solitaria sn (WR), Strangalia luteicornis sn (WR), Typocerus velutinus sn (WR); Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica cristata sn (Rb, WR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Rb), Sennius abbreviatus (Rb); Cleridae: Phyllobaenus pubescens (Mwd); Coccinellidae: Coccinella novemnotata (Rb), Scymnus consobrinus (Rb); Curculionidae: Centrinaspis picumna (Rb), Odontocorynus scutellum-album (Rb); Mordellidae: Mordella atrata fq (WR), Mordella marginata fq (Rb, WR), Mordella melaena (Rb), Mordella quadripunctata (LY), Mordellistena limbalis (WR), Mordellistena tosta (WR); Meloidae: Epicauta atrata (Rb); Rhipiphoridae: Rhipiphorus fasciatus lgf (Rb)

Plant Bugs
Miridae: Lygus lineolaris (WR), Plagiognathus politus (WR); Thyreocoridae: Corimelaena lateralis sn (WR), Corimelaena pulicaria (Rb); Phymatidae: Phymata fasciata prd np (Rb)

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