Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Amaranthus spp. (Pigweed, Amaranth) [Amaranthaceae]
(observations are from Lewis, Schwartz, Martin et al., Havera, DeVore et al., Myers et al., and Beal)
Birds
Alaudidae: Eremophila alpestris (Horned Lark) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in eastern USA during fall, winter, & spring] MZN1951; Anatidae: Anas crecca carolinensis (Green-winged Teal) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Aythya americana (Redhead) [feeds on seeds in Illinois] Hv1999; Calcaridae: Calcarius lapponicus (Lapland Longspur) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA & Northern Prairies during winter & spring] MZN1951, Plectrophenax nivalis (Snow Bunting) [seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in NE USA during winter] MZN1951; Cardinalidae: Pheucticus ludovicianus (Rose-breasted Grosbeak) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Northern Prairies] MZN1951; Columbidae: Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds of moderate importance as a source of food, seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in Prairies during summer & winter & spring] Lws1993 MZN1951; Emberizidae: Chondestes grammacus (Lark Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Prairie region] MZN1951, Junco hyemalis (Dark-eyed Junco) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during fall & winter & spring, seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Prairie region during fall & winter & spring, feeds on the seeds] MZN1951 Dv2004, Melospiza lincolnii (Lincoln Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during spring] MZN1951, Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during fall & winter & spring] MZN1951, Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-10% of the diet in NE USA & Southern Prairies] MZN1951, Pooecetes gramineus (Vesper Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during spring & summer] MZN1951, Spizella pallida (Clay-colored Sparrow) [seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in Eastern Prairies during spring] MZN1951, Spizella passerina (Chipping Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in E USA] MZN1951, Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Spizelloides arborea (American Tree Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-10% of the diet in NE USA & Eastern Prairies during winter & spring] MZN1951, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Zonotrichia leucophrys (White-crowned Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-10% of the diet in NE USA & Eastern Prairies during fall & winter] MZN1951; Fringillidae: Acanthis flammea (Common Redpoll) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in N USA during winter & spring] MZN1951; Phasianidae: Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken) [seeds eaten for 1 month during spring] Swz1945; Turdidae: Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [seeds rarely eaten] Be1915, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [seeds rarely eaten] Be1915
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [4% of deer droppings contained viable seeds of this plant in New York] Myr2004