Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Common Ragweed) [Asteraceae]
(observations are from Lewis, Schwartz, Martin et al., Blackmore, Havera, Beal, and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Alaudidae: Eremophila alpestris (Horned Lark) [seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in eastern USA throughout the year] MZN1951; Anatidae: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [feeds on seeds in Illinois] Hv1999; Calcaridae: Calcarius lapponicus (Lapland Longspur) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA & Norhern Prairies during fall & winter] MZN1951, Calcarius pictus (Smith's Longspur) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Illinois during spring] MZN1951; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [seeds occasionally used as food] Sch1955, Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds of major importance as a source of food] Lws1993; Icteridae: Sturnella magna (Eastern Meadowlark) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Phasianidae: Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken) [seeds eaten for 1 month during fall, this plant has above-average importance as a source of food in Missouri] Swz1945 Krs1962; Rallidae: Coturnicops noveboracensis (Yellow Rail) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the East] MZN1951, Rallus elegans (King Rail) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951; Scolopacidae: Gallinago delicata (Wilson's Snipe) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951; Turdidae: Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [seeds are eaten rarely] Be1915
Mammals
Bovidae: Capra aegagrus hircus (Domesticated Goat) [this plant is eaten] Blk1998; Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [foliage provides 2.6% of the diet] SMA2006