Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Aralia spinosa (Devil's Walkingstick) [Araliaceae]
(observations are from Schorger, DeGraaf, and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [feeds on fruits & this shrub provides protective cover & occasional nesting habitat] DGr2002; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits occasionally used as food] Sch1955; Corvidae: Cyanocitta cristata (Blue Jay) [feeds on fruits & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on fruits & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on fruits & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on fruits & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [the fruits are a preferred source of food & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002, Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush) [the fruits are a preferred source of food & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002, Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [feeds on fruits & this shrub provides protective cover] DGr2002
Mammals
Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [leaves & twigs provided 1.8% of the diet in Kentucky] SMA2006