Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Avena sativa (Oats) [Poaceae]
(observations are from Lewis, Schwartz, Martin et al., Schorger, Whitaker, Korschgen, Bellrose, Havera, and Beal)
Birds
Alaudidae: Eremophila alpestris (Horned Lark) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in eastern USA throughout the year] MZN1951; Anatidae: Anas acuta (Northern Pintail) [feeds on this plant] Blr1942, Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [feeds on this plant] Blr1942, Branta canadensis (Canada Goose) [feeds on this plant, feeds on this plant in Illinois] Blr1942 Hv1999; Calcaridae: Plectrophenax nivalis (Snow Bunting) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during winter & spring] MZN1951; Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during the summer, seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in SE USA] MZN1951, Passerina caerulea (Blue Grosbeak) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Prairie region during summer] MZN1951, Passerina cyanea (Indigo Bunting) [eats seeds] MZN1951, Pheucticus ludovicianus (Rose-breasted Grosbeak) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Northern Prairies] MZN1951, Spiza americana (Dickcissel) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Prairie region during summer] MZN1951; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [seeds occasionally used as food] Sch1955, Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds of moderate importance as a source of food] Lws1993; Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in eastern USA & the Prairie region throughout the year] MZN1951; Emberizidae: Ammodramus savannarum (Grasshopper Sparrow) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during summer] MZN1951, Chondestes grammacus (Lark Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Prairie region] MZN1951, Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during summer & fall & winter] MZN1951, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Eastern Towhee) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Pooecetes gramineus (Vesper Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during summer & fall] MZN1951, Spizella passerina (Chipping Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during spring & summer] MZN1951, Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during spring & summer & fall] MZN1951, Spizelloides arborea (American Tree Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in Eastern Prairies during spring] MZN1951, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during fall & spring] MZN1951, Zonotrichia leucophrys (White-crowned Sparrow) [seeds comprise 5-25% of the diet in NE USA & Eastern Prairies during fall & winter & spring] MZN1951, Zonotrichia querula (Harris Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in Eastern Prairies during winter] MZN1951; Gruidae: Grus canadensis (Sandhill Crane) [seeds comprise 0–5% of the diet in western United States during winter] MZN1951; Icteridae: Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged Blackbird) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA throughout the year, seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in the Prairie region during spring & summer & fall] MZN1951, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Bobolink) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during spring & summer & fall, seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in SE USA during spring] MZN1951, Euphagus carolinus (Rusty Blackbird) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA & Canada during winter, seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Prairie region during winter & spring] MZN1951, Molothrus ater (Brown-headed Cowbird) [seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in NE USA during spring & summer & fall, seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in SE USA during spring] MZN1951, Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA & the Prairie region throughout the year] MZN1951, Sturnella magna (Eastern Meadowlark) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA, seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Eastern Prairie region during winter] MZN1951, Sturnella neglecta (Western Meadowlark) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in central & western USA] MZN1951; Laridae: Leucophaeus pipixcan (Franklin's Gull) [this plant comprises 0.5-2% of the diet in the United States] MZN1951; Passeridae: Passer domesticus (House Sparrow) [seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in eastern USA & Prairie region throughout the year] MZN1951; Phasianidae: Perdix perdix (Hungarian Partridge) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in the Northern Plains during fall & winter] MZN1951, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Northeast & New York during spring & summer] MZN1951, Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken) [seeds are eaten during fall & winter & spring for 9 months, seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in the Northern Plains during spring & summer & fall, seeds comprise 25-50% of the diet in Wisconsin during summer, this plant is above average in importance as a source of food in Missouri] Swz1945 MZN1951 Krs1962; Sittidae: Sitta carolinensis (White-breasted Nuthatch) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in E USA and eastern Prairies] MZN1951; Turdidae: Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Eastern Prairies, seeds are eaten rarely] MZN1951 Be1915
Mammals
Cricetidae: Microtus ochrogaster (Prairie Vole) [feeds on this plant] MZN1951, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Meadow Vole) [feeds on this plant] MZN1951, Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer Mouse) [seeds comprise 0.4% of the diet by volume in combination with Secale cereale] Wh1966; Didelphidae: Didelphis virginiana (Virginia Opossum) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern Cottontail) [foliage & seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in Ohio during spring & summer] MZN1951; Mephitidae: Mephitis mephitis (Striped Skunk) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Iowa] MZN1951, Spilogale putorius interrupta (Prairie Spotted Skunk) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Iowa] MZN1951; Sciuridae: Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Michigan] MZN1951