Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Celastrus scandens (American Bittersweet) [Celastraceae]
(observations are from Martin et al., DeGraaf, and Beal)
Birds
Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Passeridae: Passer domesticus (House Sparrow) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [fruits & buds comprise 2-5% of the diet in Ohio during winter, feeds on fruits] MZN1951 DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [feeds on fruits, 0.2% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this woody vine] DGr2002 Be1915b, Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA, feeds on fruits, fruits are eaten occasionally] MZN1951 DGr2002 Be1915, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Eastern Prairies, feeds on fruits, fruits are eaten rarely] MZN1951 DGr2002 Be1915; Vireonidae: Vireo olivaceus (Red-eyed Vireo) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002
Mammals
Sciuridae: Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Ohio] MZN1951