Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Chara spp. (Chara) [Characeae]
(observations are from Martin et al., Lagler, Pearse, Forbes, Bellrose, and Havera; these algae are also called Muskgrass and Stonewort – they superficially resemble vascular aquatic plants)
Birds
Anatidae: Anas acuta (Northern Pintail) [feeds on these plants in Illinois] Hv1999, Anas americana (American Wigeon) [these plants comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Northeast during the spring, feeds on these plants in Illinois] MZN1951 Hv1999, Anas clypeata (Northern Shoveler) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Southeast] MZN1951, Anas crecca carolinensis (Green-winged Teal) [these plants comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Northeast during spring & fall, feeds on these plants in Illinois & elsewhere] MZN1951 Blr1942 Hv1999, Anas discors (Blue-winged Teal) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, feeds on these plants] MZN1951 Blr1942, Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, feeds on these plants in Illinois & elsewhere] MZN1951 Blr1942 Hv1999, Anas strepera (Gadwall) [Chara & other kinds of algae comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Southeast during winter, feeds on these plants] MZN1951 Blr1942, Aythya affinis (Lesser Scaup) [feeds on these plants in Illinois & elsewhere] Blr1942 Hv1999, Aythya americana (Redhead) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, adults feed on foliage & oogonia, ducklings feed on oogonia only] MZN1951 Blr1942, Aythya collaris (Ring-necked Duck) [these plants comprise 0.5%-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Aythya marila (Greater Scaup) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, feeds on these plants] MZN1951 Blr1942, Aythya valisineria (Canvasback) [these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Northeast during fall & winter & spring, feeds on foliage & oogonia] MZN1951 Blr1942, Bucephala clangula (Common Goldeneye) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Cygnus buccinator (Trumpeter Swan) [feeds on these plants] Blr1942, Oxyura jamaicensis (Ruddy Duck) [these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in the East during fall & winter & spring, feeds on these plants] MZN1951 Blr1942; Rallidae: Fulica americana (Common Coot) [these plants comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Northeast throughout the year] MZN1951
Turtles
Emydidae: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle) [feeds on these plants] Lg1943; Kinosternidae: Sternotherus odoratus (Stinkpot) [feeds on these plants] Lg1943
Fishes
Catostomidae: Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Shorthead Redhorse) [feeds on these plants] Frb1888; Centrarchidae: Lepomis gibbosus (Pumpkinseed) [feeds on these plants] Prs1918 Frb1888; Ictaluridae: Ameiurus nebulosus (Brown Bullhead) [feeds on these plants] Frb1888