Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Cornus alternifolia (Alternate-leaved Dogwood) [Cornaceae]
(observations are from Schorger, DeGraaf, Noyce & Coy, and Beal)
Birds
Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002; Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Piranga olivacea (Scarlet Tanager) [feeds on the fruits & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits often used as food] Sch1955; Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Haemorhous purpureus (Purple Finch) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Hirundinidae: Tachycineta bicolor (Tree Swallow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on fruits & buds & preferred sources of food] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on fruits & buds as preferred sources of food & uses this small tree for protective cover] DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [feeds on fruits & buds as preferred sources of food & uses this small tree for protective cover] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on the fruits & buds] DGr2002; Picidae: Colaptes auratus (Northern Flicker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Red-headed Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Sphyrapicus varius (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) [feeds on the tree sap & feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus fuscescens (Veery) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover, 0.6% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] DGr2002 Be1915b, Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover] DGr2002, Catharus minimus (Grey-cheeked Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover] DGr2002, Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002, Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, fruits are eaten rarely] DGr2002 Be1915, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites, fruits are eaten rarely] DGr2002 Be1915; Tyrannidae: Myiarchus crinitus (Great Crested Flycatcher) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Tyrannus tyrannus (Eastern Kingbird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002; Vireonidae: Vireo gilvus (Warbling Vireo) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food DGr2002, Vireo olivaceus (Red-eyed Vireo) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this small tree for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002
Mammals
Ursidae: Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) [feeds on the fruits in Minnesota] NC1990