Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Cornus canadensis (Bunchberry) [Cornaceae]
(observations are from Schorger, Martin et al., Romain et al., Mosnier et al., and DeGraaf)
Birds
Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits occasionally used as food] Sch1955; Fringillidae: Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on the fruits & buds] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus fuscescens (Veery) [fruits comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during summer & fall, the fruits are a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002; Vireonidae: Vireo gilvus (Warbling Vireo) [fruits comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during summer & fall, the fruits are a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002, Vireo philadelphicus (Philadelphia Vireo) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during the fall, the fruits are a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [this plant comprise 2-5% of the diet in Wisconsin & Minnesota during winter] MZN1951; Ursidae: Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) [fruits occur in the diet about 21% of the time in Ontario, fruits are a minor dietary item in Quebec] ROA2013 MOC2008