Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) [Cornaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al., Schorger, Haugen, DeGraaf, Mager & Nelson, Perry & Thill, Belthoff & Ritchison, Beal, and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [fruits comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during fall & winter, feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002; Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Pheucticus ludovicianus (Rose-breasted Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Piranga rubra (Summer Tanager) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits often used as food] Sch1955; Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Haemorhous purpureus (Purple Finch) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Icteridae: Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast, feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002; Parulidae: Setophaga coronata (Yellow-rumped Warbler) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Setophaga pinus (Pine Warbler) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in eastern USA during fall & winter, feeds on the fruits] MZN1951 DGr2002; Passeridae: Passer domesticus (House Sparrow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in Pennsylvania during fall & winter, feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002; Picidae: Colaptes auratus (Northern Flicker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Melanerpes carolina (Red-bellied Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Red-headed Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Picoides villosus (Hairy Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Sphyrapicus varius (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) [feeds on the tree sap & feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Strigidae: Megascops asio (Eastern Screech Owl) [this small tree provided 1.5% of the roost sites for young owls in Kentucky & it had above-average preference for this purpose] BR1990; Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during fall & winter, feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, 5.8% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] MZN1951 DGr2002 Be1915b, Catharus minimus (Grey-cheeked Thrush) [feeds on the fruits, 4.5% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] DGr2002 Be1915b, Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, 1.7% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] DGr2002 Be1915b, Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, 1.8% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] DGr2002 Be1915b, Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, fruits are eaten frequently] DGr2002 Be1915, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food & uses this tree for nest sites, fruits are eaten frequently] DGr2002 Be1915; Tyrannidae: Tyrannus tyrannus (Eastern Kingbird) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Vireonidae: Vireo gilvus (Warbling Vireo) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Vireo olivaceus (Red-eyed Vireo) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002
Mammals
Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [leaves & twigs provide 5.3% of the diet in Kentucky] SMA2006; Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern Cottontail) [the bark & twigs & buds of saplings are often used as a source of food in Michigan during winter] Hgn1942; Sciuridae: Sciurus carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during fall] MZN1951, Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during fall] MZN1951; Vespertilionidae: Lasiurus borealis (Eastern Red Bat) [Flowering Dogwood trees did not provide summer roost sites in an urban environment of Illinois during the summer] MN2001, Nycticeius humeralis (Evening Bat) [cavities or loose bark of this tree provided 6% of diurnal roost sites for male bats in Arkansas & this tree had above-average preference for this purpose] PT2008