Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Corylus spp. (Hazelnut) [Corylaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al.; the shrubs referred to here are Corylus americana and/or Corylus cornuta)
Birds
Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [buds & flowers comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Northeast & Maine during fall & winter & spring, buds & flowers comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Virginia Alleghenies & Pennsylvania during fall & winter, catkins comprise 10-25% of diet in Wisconsin during fall & winter & spring] MZN1951; Picidae: Melanerpes carolinus (Red-bellied Woodpecker) [nuts comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the East] MZN1951
Mammals
Castoridae: Castor canadensis (American Beaver) [wood & bark of these shrubs comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Cervidae: Alces americanus (American Moose) [foliage & twigs of these shrubs comprise 2-5% of the diet in Isle Royale of Michigan] MZN1951, Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [twigs comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in New York during winter] MZN1951; Procyonidae: Procyon lotor (Raccoon) [nuts comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Sciuridae: Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [nuts comprise 2-5% of the diet in Ohio during winter] MZN1951, Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) [nuts comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during summer & fall] MZN1951