Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Fragaria spp. (Strawberry) [Rosaceae]
(observations are from Snyder, Martin et al., Schorger, Ernst et al., Mosnier et al., and Beal)
Birds
Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits were an important source of food] Sch1955; Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in eastern USA] MZN1951; Emberizidae: Melospiza georgiana (Swamp Sparrow) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Eastern Towhee) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Mimidae: Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Eastern Prairies] MZN1951; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [leaves & buds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Northeast & Maine during winter, leaves & buds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Wisconsin] MZN1951, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [fruits comprise 2-5% of the diet in New York during summer] MZN1951; Psittacidae: Conuropsis carolinensis (Carolina Parakeet) [fruits of minor importance as a source of food] Snd2004; Turdidae: Catharus fuscescens (Veery) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA, 1.7% of bird stomachs contained fruits from these plants] MZN1951 Be1915b, Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [0.2% of bird stomachs contained fruits from these plants] Be1915b, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [the fruits are eaten occasionally] Be1915
Mammals
Cricetidae: Microtus ochrogaster (Prairie Vole) [feeds on these plants] MZN1951, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Meadow Vole) [feeds on these plants] MZN1951; Didelphidae: Didelphis virginiana (Virginia Opossum) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern Cottontail) [foliage comprises 0.5-2% of the diet in Connecticut] MZN1951; Sciuridae: Poliocitellus franklinii (Franklin's Ground Squirrel) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Northern Prairies] MZN1951, Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Michigan] MZN1951, Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Ursidae: Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) [fruits are a major dietary item during the summer] MOC2008
Turtles
Emydidae: Terrapene carolina (Eastern Box Turtle) [feeds on fruits] EBL1994, Terrapene ornata (Ornate Box Turtle) [feeds on fruits] EBL1994