Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Galium spp. (Bedstraw) [Rubiaceae]
(observations are from Ernst et al., Hamerstrom & Blake, and Augustine)
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [these plants are not eaten] Agn1997; Cricetidae: Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat) [these plants have minor value as a food source] HB1939
Turtles
Emydidae: Terrapene carolina (Eastern Box Turtle) [feeds on these plants] EBL1994