Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Hackelia virginiana (Stickseed) [Boraginaceae]
(observations are from Augustine and Wilhelm & Rericha)
Birds
Turdidae: Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [this bird becomes entangled on the burry fruits of this plant on rare occasions] WR2017
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [this plant is not eaten, its population increases with deer herbivory] Agn1997