Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Hamamelis virginiana (Witch-Hazel) [Hamamelididae]
(observations are from Martin et al., Haugen, DeGraaf, and Ludewig & Bowyer)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [feeds on the seeds] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on the seeds] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [seeds comprise 2-10% of the diet in Pennsylvania & Ohio during fall & winter, feeds on the seeds & buds as a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [feeds on the seeds] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on the seeds] DGr2002
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [twigs comprise 5-10% of the diet in New York during winter, this tree provides 0.6% of the winter diet in Maine] MZN1951 LdBw1985; Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern Cottontail) [this small tree is rarely used as a source of food in Michigan during winter] Hgn1942; Sciuridae: Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in Ohio during winter] MZN1951