Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Ilex laevigata (Smooth Winterberry) [Aquifoliaceae]
(observations are from DeGraaf)
Birds
Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Picidae: Colaptes auratus (Northern Flicker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002