Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Juglans cinerea (Butternut) [Juglandaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al. and DeGraaf; most birds eat the nut meats after the butternuts have been opened by mammals or they have naturally opened)
Birds
Emberizidae: Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Haemorhous purpureus (Purple Finch) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Paridae: Baeolophus bicolor (Tufted Titmouse) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Poecile atricapillus (Black-capped Chickadee) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Poecile carolinensis (Carolina Chickadee) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Parulidae: Setophaga coronata (Yellow-rumped Warbler) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Setophaga pinus (Pine Warbler) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Picidae: Melanerpes carolinus (Red-bellied Woodpecker) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Sittidae: Sitta canadensis (Red Breasted Nuthatch) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Sitta carolinensis (White-breasted Nuthatch) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Troglodytidae: Thryothorus ludovicianus (Carolina Wren) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002
Mammals
Sciuridae: Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [nuts comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Ohio] MZN1951