Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) [Juglandaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al., DeGraaf, Mager & Nelson, Krynak, Veilleux et al., Zimmerman, and Belthoff & Ritchison; most birds feed on the nut meats after the walnuts have been opened by mammals or opened naturally)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Cyanocitta cristata (Blue Jay) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Junco hyemalis (Dark-eyed Junco) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [feeds on the nuts] DGr2002, Zonotrichia leucophrys (White-crowned Sparrow) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Icteridae: Icterus galbula (Baltimore Oriole) [feeds on nuts & uses this tree for protective cover & nesting habitat] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Paridae: Baeolophus bicolor (Tufted Titmouse) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Poecile carolinensis (Carolina Chickadee) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Parulidae: Setophaga coronata (Yellow-rumped Warbler) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Setophaga pinus (Pine Warbler) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Picidae: Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Melanerpes carolinus (Red-bellied Woodpecker) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Regulidae: Regulus calendula (Ruby-crowned Kinglet) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Strigidae: Megascops asio (Eastern Screech Owl) [this tree provided 5.7% of the roost sites for young owls in Kentucky & it had average preference for this purpose] BR1990; Troglodytidae: Thryothorus ludovicianus (Carolina Wren) [the nuts are a preferred source of food] DGr2002
Mammals
Sciuridae: Sciurus carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel) [nuts comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during fall & winter] MZN1951, Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [nuts comprise 5-10% of the diet in Ohio throughout the year] MZN1951, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (American Red Squirrel) [nuts comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during fall] MZN1951; Vespertilionidae: Lasiurus borealis (Eastern Red Bat) [the foliage of large black walnuts provides 6.0% of summer roost sites in an urban environment of Illinois during the summer with above-average preference] MN2001, Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Bat) [large Black Walnut trees that are usually dead provide 4.8% of summer roost sites in Ohio by hiding in cavities or behind exfoliating bark, cavities and/or exfoliating bark of this tree are used as roost sites 5.3% of the time in Missouri] Kr2010 Zm2015, Perimyotis subflavus (Tricolored Bat) [mostly dead or live foliage of this tree was selected 5.4% of the time as a summer roost site by maternal colonies in Indiana & this tree has above-average preference for this purpose] VWV2003