Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Juniperus communis (Common Juniper) [Cupressaceae]
(observations are from DeGraaf, Ludewig & Bowyer, Bielefeldt & Rosenfeld, and Beal)
Birds
Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Spizella passerina (Chipping Sparrow) [uses this shrub for protective cover & nesting sites] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Haemorhous purpureus (Purple Finch) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on the fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002; Parulidae: Setophaga citrina (Hooded Warbler) [this shrub was used to support 3.8% of all nests in Wisconsin] BfRf2001, Setophaga coronata (Yellow-rumped Warbler) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on the fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on the fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002; Picidae: Colaptes auratus (Northern Flicker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [0.5% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this shrub] Be1915b, Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, the fruits are eaten rarely] DGr2002 Be1915
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [this shrub provides 0.2% of the winter diet in Maine] LdBw1985