Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip Tree) [Magnoliaceae]
(observations are from Hamilton, Martin et al., DeGraaf, Johnson et al., Veilleux et al., Newell & Rodewald, DeVore et al., Myers et al., and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during the winter, the seeds are a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002, Piranga olivacea (Scarlet Tanager) [about 12% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Fringillidae: Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on seeds] DGr2002, Haemorhous purpureus (Purple Finch) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in E USA during fall & winter, the seeds are a preferred source of food] MZN1951 DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on seeds] DGr2002, Spinus tristis (American Goldfinch) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in E USA, feeds on seeds] MZN1951 DGr2002; Icteridae: Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged Blackbird) [feeds on seeds] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on seeds] DGr2002; Paridae: Poecile carolinensis (Carolina Chickadee) [feeds on seeds] DGr2002; Parulidae: Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler) [about 15% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Picidae: Sphyrapicus varius (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) [drills holes in wood & sucks sap in E USA & elsewhere] MZN1951 DGr2002; Polioptilidae: Polioptila caerulea (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher) [about 11% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Trochilidae: Archilochus colubris (Ruby-throated Hummingbird) [the flower nectar is a preferred source of food, feeds on the nectar of the flowers] DGr2002 Dv2004; Tyrannidae: Contopus virens (Eastern Wood-pewee) [no nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio & this tree was less likely to be selected for this purpose than others] NR2011; Vireonidae: Vireo flavifrons (Yellow-throated Vireo) [about 4% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011
Mammals
Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [leaves & twigs provide 2.1% of the diet in Kentucky] SMA2006, Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [an unspecified percentage of deer droppings contained viable seeds of this tree in New York] Myr2004; Cricetidae: Peromyscus leucopus (White-footed Mouse) [eats the seeds, seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during fall] Hm1941 MZN1951, Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer Mouse) [eats the seeds] Hm1941; Sciuridae: Sciurus carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in E USA] MZN1951, Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Ohio] MZN1951, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (American Red Squirrel) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in E USA during fall] MZN1951; Vespertilionidae: Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Bat) [Tulip Tree provides 0–2.3% of the roost trees for maternal colonies in central Appalachia] Jhn2009, Perimyotis subflavus (Tricolored Bat) [mostly dead or live foliage of this tree was selected 2.7% of the time as a summer roost site by maternal colonies in Indiana & this tree has average preference for this purpose] VWV2003