Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Nymphaea spp. (Water Lily) [Nymphaeaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al., Ernst et al., Hamerstrom & Blake, and Bellrose; these species refer mainly to Nymphaea odorata and Nymphaea tuberosa)
Birds
Anatidae: Aix sponsa (Wood Duck) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Anas clypeata (Northern Shoveler) [these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Southeast during winter] MZN1951, Aythya affinis (Lesser Scaup) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Aythya americana (Redhead) [feeds on seeds] Blr1942, Aythya marila (Greater Scaup) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951
Mammals
Castoridae: Castor canadensis (American Beaver) [these plants comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Cervidae: Alces americanus (American Moose) [feeds on the foliage of these plants from Maine to Michigan during the summer, foliage of these plants comprises 2-5% of the diet in Isle Royale of Michigan] MZN1951; Cricetidae: Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat) [the rootstocks & petiole bases have minor value as a food source, these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in Maryland] HB1939 MZN1951; Erethizontidae: Erethizon dorsatum (North American Porcupine) [these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951
Turtles
Chelydridae: Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle) [feeds on plants] EBL1994; Emydidae: Chrysemys picta (Painted Turtle) [feeds on plants] EBL1994, Trachemys scripta (Slider) [feeds on plants] EBL1994