Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Ostrya virginiana (Ironwood) [Corylaceae]
(observations are from Hamilton, Martin et al., Bennetts, DeGraaf, Mager & Nelson, and Belthoff & Ritchison; another common name of this tree is Hop Hornbeam)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Pheucticus ludovicianus (Rose-breasted Grosbeak) [flowers comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Northern Prairies, feeds on nutlets] MZN1951 DGr2002; Fringillidae: Haemorhous purpureus (Purple Finch) [nutlets comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in E USA, feeds on nutlets] MZN1951 DGr2002; Mimidae: Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on nutlets] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on nutlets & buds] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [buds & catkins comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast during winter, buds & nutlets comprise 2-5% of the diet in Pennsylvania during fall, feeds on buds in Wisconsin & Ontario during fall & winter, catkins & nutlets & buds are preferred sources of food] MZN1951 Bnn1900 DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [feeds on nutlets] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on nutlets & buds] DGr2002; Picidae: Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [nutlets comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the East & Eastern Prairies, feeds on nutlets] MZN1951 DGr2002; Strigidae: Megascops asio (Eastern Screech Owl) [this tree provided 1.8% of the roost sites for young owls in Kentucky & it had average preference for this purpose] BR1990
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [twigs comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in New York during winter] MZN1951; Cricetidae: Peromyscus leucopus (White-footed Mouse) [eats the nutlets] Hm1941, Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer Mouse) [eats the nutlets] Hm1941; Sciuridae: Sciurus niger (Fox Squirrel) [nutlets comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Ohio & Michigan] MZN1951; Vespertilionidae: Lasiurus borealis (Eastern Red Bat) [Ironwood trees did not provide summer roost sites in an urban environment of Illinois during the summer] MN2001