Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Oxalis spp. (Wood Sorrel) [Oxalidaceae]
(observations are from Whitaker & Mumford, Martin et al., Whitaker, Myers et al., Beal, and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Alaudidae: Eremophila alpestris (Horned Lark) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in eastern USA] MZN1951; Columbidae: Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast & Prairies] MZN1951; Emberizidae: Ammodramus savannarum (Grasshopper Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Junco hyemalis (Dark-eyed Junco) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during summer & fall & winter] MZN1951, Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-5% of the diet in NE USA & Southern Prairies] MZN1951, Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951, Spizelloides arborea (American Tree Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Eastern Prairies] MZN1951; Turdidae: Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [the seeds are eaten rarely] Be1915
Mammals
Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [foliage provides 0.2% of the diet] SMA2006, Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [3-9% of deer droppings contained viable seeds of these plants in New York] Myr2004; Dipodidae: Zapus hudsonius (Meadow Jumping Mouse) [seeds of these plants comprise 0.5% of the diet volume] WM1970; Sciuridae: Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel) [seeds comprise 4.3% of the diet by volume & 14.8% by frequency in Indiana, leaves comprise 0.7% of the diet by volume & 0.7% by frequency in Indiana] Wh1972