Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Persicaria pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Smartweed) [Polygonaceae]
(observations are from Lewis, Schwartz, Schorger, Korschgen, Havera, Anderson, Yeatter, and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Anatidae: Anas acuta (Northern Pintail) [feeds on seeds in Illinois, the seeds comprise 1% of the diet in Illinois] Hv1999 And1959, Anas clypeata (Northern Shoveler) [the seeds comprise less than 1% of the diet in Illinois] And1959, Anas crecca carolinensis (Green-winged Teal) [feeds on seeds in Illinois, the seeds comprise 1% of the diet in Illinois] Hv1999 And1959, Anas discors (Blue-winged Teal) [feeds on seeds in Illinois, the seeds comprise less than 1% of the diet in Illinois] Hv1999 And1959, Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [feeds on seeds in Illinois, the seeds comprise 1% of the diet in Illinois] Hv1999 and1959, Anas strepera (Gadwall) [feeds on seeds in Illinois] Hv1999, Aythya affinis (Lesser Scaup) [feeds on seeds in Illinois] Hv1999, Aythya americana (Redhead) [feeds on seeds in Illinois, the seeds comprise less than 1% of the diet in Illinois] Hv1999 And1959, Aythya collaris (Ring-necked Duck) [the seeds comprise less than 1% of the diet in Illinois] And1959, Branta canadensis (Canada Goose) [feeds on seeds in Illinois] Hv1999; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [seeds rarely used as food] Sch1955, Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds of moderate importance as a source of food] Lws1993; Phasianidae: Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken) [seeds eaten during fall, winter, & spring for 7 months of the year, this plant has below average importance as a source of food in Missouri, seeds comprise 0.8% of the diet for adults in Illinois] Swz1945 Krs1962 Yt1943
Mammals
Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [foliage provides 2.3% of the diet] SMA2006