Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Prunus virginiana (Choke Cherry) [Rosaceae]
(observations are from Schorger, Martin et al., Bennetts, DeGraaf, Homan et al., Noyce & Coy, Bielefeldt & Rosenfeld, and Beal)
Birds
Anatidae: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Cardinalidae: Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Pheucticus ludovicianus (Rose-breasted Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Piranga olivacea (Scarlet Tanager) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Piranga rubra (Summer Tanager) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits from this & other cherry tree species were an important source of food] Sch1955; Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Cyanocitta cristata (Blue Jay) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Eastern Towhee) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Zonotrichia leucophrys (White-crowned Sparrow) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Spinus tristis (American Goldfinch) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Icteridae: Icterus galbula (Baltimore Oriole) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle) [feeds on the fruits, uses this shrub as a nest site 5.4% of the time in North Dakota & it had average preference for this purpose] DGr2002 Hmn1996; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002; Parulidae: Setophaga citrina (Hooded Warbler) [this shrub was used to support 3.8% of all nests in Wisconsin] BfRf2001; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on fruits in Wisconsin & Ontario during fall & winter, feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] Bnn1900 DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Picidae: Colaptes auratus (Northern Flicker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Melanerpes carolinus (Red-bellied Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Red-headed Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Picoides villosus (Hairy Woodpecker) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Sphyrapicus varius (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker) [feeds on the sap of this shrub & feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris (European Starling) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus fuscescens (Veery) [feeds on the fruits, 0.6% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] DGr2002 Be1915b, Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Catharus minimus (Grey-cheeked Thrush) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, 4.1% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this small tree] DGr2002 Be1915b, Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, the fruits are eaten occasionally] DGr2002 Be1915, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food, the fruits are eaten occasionally] DGr2002 Be1915; Tyrannidae: Myiarchus crinitus (Great Crested Flycatcher) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Tyrannus tyrannus (Eastern Kingbird) [feeds on the fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Vireonidae: Vireo gilvus (Warbling Vireo) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002, Vireo olivaceus (Red-eyed Vireo) [feeds on the fruits] DGr2002
Mammals
Canidae: Vulpes vulpes fulvus (American Red Fox) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Massachusetts] MZN1951; Ursidae: Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) [feeds on the fruits in Minnesota] NC1990