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Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:

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Quercus phellos
(Willow Oak) [Fagaceae]
(observations are from C. Martin et al. and Dijak et al.)

Birds
Accipitridae: Buteo lineatus (Red-shouldered Hawk) [8.8% of the time large specimens of this tree were selected for nest sites in Missouri] DTP1990

Mammals

Vespertilionidae: Corynorhinus rafinesquii (Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat) [cavities of this tree are used for roosting sites in Mississippi] Mrt2011
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