Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Quercus velutina (Black Oak) [Fagaceae]
(observations are from Schorger, Haugen, Perry & Thill, Newell & Rodewald, and Schneider et al.)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Piranga olivacea (Scarlet Tanager) [about 5% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [acorns of this & other oak species were an important source of food] Sch1955; Parulidae: Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler) [about 6% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Polioptilidae: Polioptila caerulea (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher) [about 3% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Tyrannidae: Contopus virens (Eastern Wood-pewee) [about 8% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011; Vireonidae: Vireo flavifrons (Yellow-throated Vireo) [about 20% of nest sites were located on this tree in Ohio] NR2011
Mammals
Cervidae: Cervus canadensis (Elk) [leaves & twigs provide 0.1% of the diet in Kentucky] SMA2006; Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern Cottontail) [the bark & twigs of saplings are often used as a source of food in Michigan during winter] Hgn1942; Vespertilionidae: Nycticeius humeralis (Evening Bat) [cavities or loose bark of this tree provided 6% of diurnal roost sites for male bats in Arkansas & this tree had above-average preference for this purpose] PT2008