Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Ranunculus spp. (Buttercup) [Ranunculaceae]
(observations are from Lewis, Martin et al., Beeman & Pelton, Lagler, and Meanley)
Birds
Calcaridae: Plectrophenax nivalis (Snow Bunting) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during fall] MZN1951; Columbidae: Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds of minor importance as a source of food] Lws1993; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [seeds & leaves comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [seeds & leaves comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Allegheny Mountains & Missouri during spring & summer, seeds have minor importance in the diet in Arkansas during spring & summer] MZN1951, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [seeds & leaves comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the northern USA] MZN1951
Mammals
Cricetidae: Microtus ochrogaster (Prairie Vole) [feeds on foliage and/or seeds] MZN1951, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Meadow Vole) [feeds on foliage and/or seeds] MZN1951, Microtus pinetorum (Woodland Vole) [feeds on stems] MZN1951, Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Sciuridae: Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951; Ursidae: Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) [feeds on foliage to a minor extent] BP1980
Turtles
Chelydridae: Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle) [feeds on those plant species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic] Lg1943; Emydidae: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle) [feeds on those plant species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic] Lg1943; Kinosternidae: Sternotherus odoratus (Stinkpot) [feeds on those plant species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic] Lg1943