Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Rhamnus spp. (Buckthorn) [Rhamnaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al. and DeGraaf)
Birds
Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Icteridae: Icterus galbula (Baltimore Oriole) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird) [feeds on fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Mimus polyglottos (Northern Mockingbird) [feeds on fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher) [feeds on fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Picidae: Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) [feeds on fruits as a preferred source of food] DGr2002, Picoides pubescens (Downy Woodpecker) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Picoides villosus (Hairy Woodpecker) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Turdidae: Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Tyrannidae: Myiarchus crinitus (Great Crested Flycatcher) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002, Tyrannus tyrannus (Eastern Kingbird) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002
Mammals
Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern Cottontail) [bark comprises 0.5-2% of the diet in Michigan during winter] MZN1951