Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Sagittaria spp. (Arrowhead) [Alismataceae]
(observations are from Martin et al. and Ernst et al.)
Birds
Anatidae: Aix sponsa (Wood Duck) [foliage & seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Northeast during fall & winter] MZN1951, Anas discors (Blue-winged Teal) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [these plants comprises 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Anas strepera (Gadwall) [these plants comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Southeast during winter] MZN1951, Aythya affinis (Lesser Scaup) [foliage & seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Northeast during winter & spring] MZN1951, Aythya valisineria (Canvasback) [these plants, including their tubers, comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northeast] MZN1951, Cygnus buccinator (Trumpeter Swan) [foliage & tubers comprise 5-10% of the diet during summer & fall] MZN1951, Oxyura jamaicensis (Ruddy Duck) [these plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the East] MZN1951; Rallidae: Rallus elegans (King Rail) [tubers of these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Northeast during fall & winter] MZN1951
Mammals
Cricetidae: Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat) [these plants comprise 2-10% of the diet in NE USA & Maryland] MZN1951; Erethizontidae: Erethizon dorsatum (North American Porcupine) [these plants comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA] MZN1951
Turtles
Chelydridae: Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle) [feeds on plants] EBL1994; Emydidae: Chrysemys picta (Painted Turtle) [feeds on plants] EBL1994, Pseudemys concinna (River Cooter) [feeds on plants] EBL1994, Trachemys scripta (Slider) [feeds on plants] EBL1994