Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Spiraea spp. (Spiraea) [Rosaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al., Hamerstrom & Blake, and DeGraaf; this refers primarily to 2 native species, Spiraea alba & Spiraea tomentosa)
Birds
Cardinalidae: Passerina cyanea (Indigo Bunting) [uses these shrubs for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002; Emberizidae: Ammodramus savannarum (Grasshopper Sparrow) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Junco hyemalis (Dark-eyed Junco) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Melospiza melodia (Song Sparrow) [uses these shrubs for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Eastern Towhee) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [uses these shrubs for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002, Spizelloides arborea (American Tree Sparrow) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Zonotrichia albicollis (White-throated Sparrow) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Acanthis flammea (Common Redpoll) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Spinus tristis (American Goldfinch) [uses these shrubs for nest sites] DGr2002; Icteridae: Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged Blackbird) [uses these shrubs for protective cover & nest sites] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on the buds & leaves & seeds & uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [feeds on the seeds & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002, Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken) [these shrubby plants comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in Wisconsin during summer] MZN1951; Scolopacidae: Scolopax minor (American Woodcock) [uses these shrubs for protective cover] DGr2002
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [foliage & twigs comprise 2-5% of the diet in Maine, twigs comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in New York during winter] MZN1951; Cricetidae: Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat) [the stems have minor value as a food source] HB1939