Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Symphoricarpos albus (Snowberry) [Caprifoliaceae]
(observations are from Martin et al., DeGraaf, and Beal)
Birds
Bombycillidae: Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) [feeds on fruits] DGr2002; Fringillidae: Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [prefers the fruits as a source of food & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002; Odontophoridae: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite Quail) [fruits comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE Prairies] MZN1951; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002, Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) [prefers fruits as a source of food & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002, Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken) [fruits & buds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Northern Plains] MZN1951; Turdidae: Catharus fuscescens (Veery) [1.1% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this shrub] Be1915b, Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [feeds on fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover] DGr2002, Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [feeds on fruits & uses this shrub for protective cover, 0.5% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this shrub] DGr2002 Be1915b, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [feeds on fruits, the fruits are eaten occasionally] DGr2002 Be1915