Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Toxicodendron spp. (Poison Ivy, Poison Oak) [Anacardiaceae]
(this observation is from Martin et al.)
Birds
Corvidae: Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow) [fruits of Poison Oak comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in the Prairie region] MZN1951