Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Toxicodendron vernix (Poison Sumac) [Anacardiaceae]
(observations are from Bennetts and Beal)
Birds
Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [feeds on fruits in Wisconsin & Ontario during fall & winter] Bnn1900; Turdidae: Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) [the fruits are eaten rarely] Be1915