Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Trillium spp. (Trillium) [Liliaceae]
(observations are from Augustine and Mosnier et al.)
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [these plants are frequently eaten] Agn1997; Ursidae: Ursus americanus (American Black Bear) [the fruits and/or leaves are a minor dietary item] MOC2008