Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Vitis vulpina (Frost Grape) [Vitaceae]
( observations are from Schorger, Malmborg & Wilson, Anderson, and Beal)
Birds
Anatidae: Aix sponsa (Wood Duck) [the fruits comprise 2% of the diet in Illinois] And1959; Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [fruits of this & other grape species often used as a source of food] Sch1955; Icteridae: Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 0-100% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988; Mimidae: Dumetella carolinensis (Catbird) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 0-100% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988; Parulidae: Setophaga coronata (Yellow-rumped Warbler) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 15% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988; Picidae: Colaptes auratus (Northern Flicker) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 21-100% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988; Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris (Starling) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 20-77% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988; Turdidae: Catharus fuscescens (Veery) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 6% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988, Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 0-53% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois, 0.4% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this woody vine] MW1988 Be1915b, Catharus minimus (Grey-cheeked Thrush) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 28-80% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois] MW1988, Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's Thrush) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 17-45% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois, 1.5% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this woody vine] MW1988 Be1915b, Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 0-20% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois, 2.4% of bird stomachs contained fruits from this woody vine] MW1988 Be1915b, Turdus migratorius (American Robin) [the fruits of this woody vine comprised 58-81% of the total diet in fruits in Illinois, the fruits are eaten rarely] MW1988 Be1915