Insects Feeding
on these Plants:
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Betula spp. (Birch) [Betulaceae]
(Observations are from Hoffman, Yanega, Bouseman & Sternburg, Wagner, Microleps website, Clark et al., Rider, Marshall, Covell, Needham et al., Smith, Blackman & Eastop, Wheeler et al., Hamilton, Opler & Krizek, Miller, Pepper, Majka et al., Panzer et al., Cranshaw, ScaleNet)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Buprestidae: Agrilus anxius (Bronze Birch Borer) Msh2006 Crw2004; Cerambycidae: Analeptura lineola Ya1996, Anthophylax viridis Ya1996, Leptorhabdium pictus Ya1996, Neoalosterna capitata Ya1996, Saperda obliqua (Alder Borer) [larvae bore through bases of living trees] Msh2006 Ya1996 Crw2004, Strangalia solitaria Ya1996, Xylotrechus quadrimaculata (Birch & Beech Girdler) [adults girdle live branches, larvae bore through wood of girdled branched] Msh2006 Ya1996; Chrysomelidae: Altica betulae Clk2004, Baliosus nervosus (Basswood Leafminer) [polyphagous] Ndm1928, Calligrapha ignota Clk2004, Odontota doralis (Locust Leafminer) Ndm1928; Curculionidae: Phyllobius oblongus (European Snout Weevil) [polyphagous; adults feed on leaves of trees, larvae feed on roots of other plants] MAM2007, Polydrusus cervinus [polyphagous; adults feed on leaves of trees, larvae feed on roots of other plants; this Eurasian insect is found in NE USA & SE Canada] MAM2007, Polydrusus impressifrons (Pale Green Weevil) [introduced in N. America from Europe] Msh2006, Pseudanthonomus validus [this insect is found in Canada & scattered areas of USA] MAM2007, Sciaphilus asperatus (Strawberry Root Weevil) [polyphagous; adults feed on leaves of trees, larvae feed on roots of other plants; this Eurasian insect is found in NE USA & S Canada] MAM2007; Scarabaeidae: Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle) [polyphagous] Crw2004; Scolytidae: Monarthrum mali (Apple Wood Stainer) [polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed] MAM2007, Xyleborus sayi [polyphagous; this insect is found in NE USA & SE Canada] MAM2007, Xyloterinus politus [this insect is found in NE & north-central USA, & Canada] MAM2007
Heteroptera (True Bugs)
Acanthosomatidae: Elasmostethus interstinctus Rid2009, Elasmucha lateralis [feeds on catkins] Msh2006 Rid2009; Lygaeidae: Kleidocerys resedae (Birch Catkin Bug) [feeds on catkins, eats seeds of cones; preferred host plants, polyphagous] Hof1996 Msh2006; Miridae: Lygocoris hirticulus WHM1983; Pentatomidae: Banasa dimiata Rid2009
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Calaphis betulaecolens (Common Birch Aphid) [found on leaves; prefers Betula papyrifera & Betula alleghaniensis] BE2013 Pp1965 Crw2004, Calaphis betulella Pp1965, Calaphis viridipallida [occurs on leaf undersides; observed in Minnesota, North Carolina, & Canada] BE2013, Callipterinella calliptera Pp1965, Cepegillettea betulaefoliae [found on leaf undersides & young growth; this aphid has been observed in Illinois, Wisconsin, & Canada] BE2013, Euceraphis betulae (Silver Birch Aphid) BE2013 Pp1965, Euceraphis mucida [found in northern USA east of the Rocky Mountains] BE2013 Pp1965, Euceraphis punctipennis (European Birch Aphid) Msh2006, Glyphina betulae [found on young shoots; observed in Illinois, introduced from Eurasia] BE2013, Hamamelistes spinosus (Witch Hazel Spiny Gall Aphid) [forms spiny galls on buds of Witch Hazel, migrating to the twigs of birch during the winter & moving to the undersides of birch leaves during the spring] BE2013 Pp1965; Cercopidae: Aphrophora alni (European Alder Spittlebug) [eaten by both adults & nymphs] Hm1982, Clastoptera obtusa (Alder Spittlebug) [fed on by adults only] Hm1982; Diaspididae: Chionaspis lintneri (Lintner Scurfy Scale) [this insect is found in E USA & SE Canada] SN2014, Chionaspis salicis (Willow Scurfy Scale) [found mainly on twigs & branches; this insect is polyphagous, although it prefers Salix spp. & Populus spp.; this insect is widely distributed in the USA] SN2014, Diaspidiotus ancylis (Putnam Scale) [found on leaves, sometimes bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA] SN2014, Diaspidiotus juglansregiae (English Walnut Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA] SN2014
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Argidae: Arge cyra [larvae feed on leaves] Sm2006, Arge pectoralis (Birch Sawfly) [larvae feed on leaves] Msh2006 Sm2006 Crw2004; Cimbicidae: Cimbex americana (Elm Sawfly) [larvae feed on leaves, polyphagous] Sm2006, Trichiosoma triangulum Msh2006; Tenthredinidae: Croesus latitarsus (Dusky Birch Sawfly) [larvae feed on foliage, syn. Craesus latitarsus] Msh2006 Sm2006 Crw2004, Dimorphopteryx melanognathus (Fringed Birch Sawfly) [larvae feed on foliage] Sm2006, Dimorphopteryx pinguis [larvae feed on foliage] Sm2006, Empria multicolor [larvae feed on leaves] Sm2006, Fenusa pusilla (Birch Leafminer) Sm2006 Crw2004, Heterarthrus nemoratus (Late Birch Leaf-Edge Miner) Ndm1928, Mesa nana [larvae are blotch leaf-miners, introduced into N. America from Europe] Msh2006, Nematus latifasciatus [larvae feed on leaves] Sm2006, Pristiphora cincta [larvae feed on foliage, polyphagous] Sm2006, Pristiphora siskiyouensis [larvae feed on foliage] Sm2006; Xiphydriidae: Xiphydria mellipes [larvae bore into small branches] Sm2006, Xiphydria tibialis [larvae bore into small branches, polyphagous] Sm2006
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Arctiidae: Halysidota tessellaris (Banded Tussock Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Pyrrharctia isabella (Isabella Tiger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Coleophoridae: Coleophora atromarginata Cv2005; Drepanidae: Drepana arcuata (Masked Birch Caterpillar) Wg2005, Oreta rosea (Rose Hooktip) Cv2005; Geometridae: Aethalura intertexta (Four-Barred Gray) Cv2005, Cabera erythemaria (Yellow-Dusted Cream Moth) Cv2005, Cepphis armataria (Scallop Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Hydrelia inornata (Unadorned Carpet) Wg2005, Hypomecis umbrosaria (Umber Moth) Cv2005, Pero morrisonaria (Morrison's Pero) [found in northern IL] Cv2005, Probole alienaria (Alien Probole) Msh2006, Protoboarmia porcelaria (Porcelain Gray) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Sicya macularia (Sharp-Lined Yellow) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Venusia comptaria (Brown-Shaded Carpet) Cv2005; Hesperiidae: Erynnis icelus (Dreamy Duskywing) OK1984; Lasiocampidae: Phyllodesma americana (Lappet Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Tolype velleda (Large Tolype) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Limacodidae: Phobetron pithecium (Hag Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Prolimacodes badia (Skiff Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Tortricidia testacea [polyphagous] Cv2005; Lycaenidae: Feniseca tarquinius (Harvester) [carnivorous caterpillars eat woolly aphids on birch] OK1984; Lymantriidae: Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth) [intro. into N. America from abroad, polyphagous] Cv2005; Noctuidae: Acronicta americana (American Dagger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Acronicta betulae (Birch Dagger Moth) [oligophagous] Cv2005, Acronicta dactylina (Fingered Dagger Moth) Cv2005, Acronicta lepusculina (Cottonwood Dagger Moth) Cv2005, Charada deridens (The Laugher) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Colocasia propinquilinea (Close-Banded Yellowhorn) [southern IL, polyphagous] Cv2005, Lithophane hemina (Hemina Pinion) Cv2005 Msh2006, Lycophotia phyllophora (Lycophotia Moth) [larvae feed on leaves, polyphagous] Pnz2006, Oligia illocata (Wandering Brocade) Cv2005, Palthis angulalis (Dark-spotted Palthis) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Polia purpurissata (Purple Arches) Cv2005, Raphia frater (The Brother) Cv2005; Notodontidae: Datana drexelii (Drexel's Datana) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Furcula cinerea (Gray Furcula) Cv2005, Lochmaeus bilineata (Double-Lined Prominent) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Peridea ferruginea (Chocolate Prominent) Cv2005; Nymphalidae: Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloak) BS2001 Wg2005, Nymphalis vau-album j-album (Compton Tortoiseshell) [found in northern IL] BS2001, Polygonia faunus (Green Comma) [found in NW Illinois] BS2001; Saturniidae: Automeris io (Io Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Callosamia promethea (Promethea Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Eacles imperialis (Imperial Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Hyalophora cecropia (Cecropia Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Sphingidae: Ceratomia amyntor (Elm Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Msh2006, Paonias excaecatus (Blinded Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Paonias myops (Small-Eyed Sphinx) Cv2005 Msh2006, Smerinthus jamaicensis (Twin-Spotted Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Tineidae: Acrolophus morus Cv2005; Tortricidae: Acleris logiana (Gray Birch Button) Cv2005, Ancylis apicana [larvae feed within folded leaves] Mlr1987, Apotomis capreana (Sallow Apotomis) [larvae feed on leaves] Mlr1987, Apotomis funerea (Funereal Apotomis) [larvae feed within rolled leaves] Mlr1987, Catastega timidella (Oak Trumpet Skeletonizer Moth) [larvae form serpentine mines on leaf undersides] Mlr1987, Epinotia solandriana (Birch-Aspen Leafroller Moth) [larvae feed within rolled leaves; this moth is found north & NE of Illinois] Mlr1987, Olethreutes auricapitana Mlr1987, Olethreutes glaciana (Frosty Olethreutes) [larvae feed within rolled leaves] Mlr1987, Orthotaenia undulana (Dusky Leafroller Moth) [larvae feed within rolled leaves & on terminal growth] Mlr1987, Pseudosciaphila duplex (Poplar Leafroller Moth) [larvae feed within rolled leaves] Mlr1987; Yponomeutidae: Swammerdamia caesiella Mic2010