_________________ Plant-Feeding Insect Database Author Abbreviations Citations Send questions or comments to Dr. John Hilty at: john@illinoiswildflowers.info Return to Illinois Wildflowers Last Updated: 12-9-19 _________________	Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Abies spp. (Fir) Abies balsamea (Balsam Fir) Abies fraseri (Fraser's Fir) Abutilon theophrastii (Velvet Leaf) Acalypha spp. (Mercury, Copperleaf) Acalypha graciliens (Slender Mercury) Acalypha ostryifolia (Hornbeam Mercury) Acalypha rhomboidea (Common Mercury) Acalypha virginica (Virginia Mercury) Acer spp. (Maple) Acer campestre (Field Maple) Acer ginnala (Amur Maple) Acer negundo (Box Elder) Acer nigrum (Black Maple) Acer palmatum dissectum (Japanese Maple) Acer pensylvanicum (Striped Maple) Acer platanoides (Norway Maple) Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore Maple) Acer rubrum (Red Maple) Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple) Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) Acer spicatum (Mountain Maple) Achillea spp. (Yarrow) Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) Aconitum spp. (Monkshood) Aconitum uncinatum (Wild Monkshood) Acorus spp. (Sweet Flag) Acorus americanus (American Sweet Flag) Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag) Acroptilon repens (Russian Knapweed) Adiantum spp. (Maidenhair Fern) Adiantum pedatum (Northern Maidenhair Fern) Aegilops spp. (Goatgrass) Aegopodium podagraria (Goutweed) Aesculus spp. (Buckeye) Aesculus flava (Sweet Buckeye) Aesculus glabra (Ohio Buckeye) Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Aesculus pavia (Red Buckeye) Agalinus spp. (Gerardia) Agalinus fasciculata (Tufted Gerardia) Agalinus purpurea (Purple Gerardia) Agastache foeniculum (Anise Hyssop) Agastache neptoides (Yellow Giant Hyssop) Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Blue Giant Hyssop) Ageratina altissima (White Snakeroot) Agoseris spp. (Mountain Dandelion) Agrimonia spp. (Agrimony) Agrimonia eupatoria (European Agrimony) Agrimonia gryposepala (Tall Agrimony) Agrimonia striata (Roadside Agrimony) Agropyron spp. (Wheatgrass) Agropyron cristatum (Crested Wheatgrass) Agropyron desertorum (Desert Wheatgrass) Agrostis spp. (Bent Grass) Agrostis gigantea (Redtop) Agrostis hyemalis (Tickle Grass) Agrostis perennans (Upland Bentgrass) Agrostis scabra (Ticklegrass) Agrostis stolonifera palustris (Creeping Bentgrass) Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven) Albizia julibrissin (Silktree Mimosa) Alcea spp. (Hollyhock) Alcea rosea (Hollyhock) Alisma spp. (Water Plantain) Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard) Allium spp. (Wild Onion, Onion) Allium canadense (Wild Garlic) Allium cepa (Onion) Allium cernuum (Nodding Onion) Allium porrum (Cultivated Leek) Alnus spp. (Alder) Alnus glutinosa (Black Alder) Alnus incana (Speckled Alder) Alnus serrulata (Brookside Alder) Alopecurus spp. (Foxtail) Alopecurus aequalis (Short-awned Foxtail) Alopecurus geniculatus (Marsh Foxtail) Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow Foxtail) Alternanthera spp. (Joyweed) Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligator Weed) Alyssum spp. (Alyssum) Amaranthus spp. (Amaranth, Pigweed) Amaranthus albus (White Amaranth) Amaranthus cruentus (Purple Amaranth) Amaranthus hybridus (Tall Pigweed) Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Love-Lies-Bleeding) Amaranthus palmeri (Careless Weed) Amaranthus powellii (Tall Amaranth) Amaranthus retroflexus (Rough Pigweed) Amaranthus rudis (Common Water Hemp) Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny Pigweed) Ambrosia spp. (Ragweed) Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Common Ragweed) Ambrosia bidentata (Toothed Ragweed) Ambrosia psilostachya (Western Ragweed) Ambrosia trifida (Giant Ragweed) Amelanchier spp. (Serviceberry, Juneberry) Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon Serviceberry) Amelanchier arborea (Nannyberry) Amelanchier canadensis (Canadian Serviceberry) Ammophila spp. (Beach Grass) Ammophila breviligulata (Beach Grass) Amorpha spp. (Leadplant, False Indigo) Amorpha canescens (Leadplant) Amorpha fruticosa (False Indigo) Ampelamus albidus (Bluevine) Ampelopsis spp. (Ampelopsis) Ampelopsis arborea (Pepper Vine) Ampelopsis cordata (Raccoon Grape) Amphiachyris dracunculoides (Prairie Broomweed) Amphicarpaea bracteata (Hog Peanut) Amsinckia lyopsoides (Tarweed) Amsonia tabernaemontana (Bluestar) Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet Pimpernel) Anaphalis margaritacea (Pearly Everlasting) Anchusa spp. (Alkanet) Anchusa arvensis (Small Bugloss) Andromeda spp. (Andromeda) Andromeda glaucophylla (Bog Rosemary) Andropogon spp. (Beardgrass, Bluestem) Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem) Andropogon glomeratus (Bushy Broom Sedge) Andropogon hallii (Sand Bluestem) Andropogon virginicus (Broom Sedge) Anemone spp. (Anemone) Anemone canadensis (Meadow Anemone) Anemonella thalictroides (Rue Anemone) Anethum graveolens (Dill) Angelica spp. (Angelica) Angelica atropurpurea (Great Angelica) Angelica venenosa (Hairy Angelica) Anoda cristata (Spurred Anoda) Antennaria spp. (Pussytoes) Antennaria neglecta (Field Pussytoes) Antennaria plantaginifolia (Plantain-Leaved Pussytoes) Antenoron virginianum (Jumpseed) Anthemis spp. (Mayweed, Chamomile) Anthemis cotula (Dog Fennel) Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal Grass) Antirrhinum spp. (Snapdragon) Antirrhinum majus (Snapdragon) Apios americana (Groundnut) Apium spp. (Marsh Parsley) Apium graveolens (Celery) Apocynum spp. (Dogbane) Apocynum androsaemifolium (Spreading Dogbane) Apocynum cannabinum (Common Dogbane) Aquilegia spp. (Columbine) Aquilegia canadensis (Wild Columbine) Aquilegia vulgaris (European Columbine) Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-Ear Cress) Arabis spp. (Rock Cress) Arabis canadensis (Sicklepod) Arabis drummondii (Drummond's Rock Cress) Arabis glabra (Tower Mustard) Arabis laevigata (Smooth Rock Cress) Arabis lyrata (Sand Cress) Arabis missouriensis (Missouri Rock Cress) Arabis pycnocarpa (Hairy Rock Cress) Arabis serotina (Shale Barren Rock Cress) Aralia elata (Japanese Angelica Tree) Aralia nudicaulis (Wild Sarsaparilla) Aralia racemosa (American Spikenard) Aralia spinosa (Devil's Walkingstick) Arctium spp. (Burdock) Arctium lappa (Great Burdock) Arctium minus (Common Burdock) Arctostaphylos spp. (Bearberry) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry) Argentina anserina (Silverweed) Arisaema dracontium (Green Dragon) Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-Pulpit) Aristida spp. (Three-Awn Grass) Aristida longespica (Slim-Spike Three-Awn) Aristida oligantha (Prairie Three-Awn) Aristida purpurascens (Arrowfeather) Aristolochia spp. (Pipevine) Aristolochia durior (Dutchman's Pipe) Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia Snakeroot) Aristolochia tomentosa (Woolly Dutchman's Pipe) Armoracia spp. (Horseradish) Armoracia rusticana (Horseradish) Arnoglossum spp. (Indian Plantain) Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (Pale Indian Plantain) Arnoglossum plantagineum (Prairie Indian Plantain) Arnoglossum reniforme (Great Indian Plantain) Aronia spp. (Chokeberry) Aronia arbutifolia (Red Chokeberry) Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) Aronia × prunifolia (Purple Chokeberry) Arrhenatherum elatius (Tall Oat Grass) Artemisia spp. (Sagebrush, Wormwood) Artemisia abrotanum (Southern Wormwood) Artemisia absinthium (Absinth Wormwood) Artemisia biennis (Biennial Wormwood) Artemisia campestris caudata (Beach Wormwood) Artemisia dracunculus (Wild Tarragon) Artemisia frigida (Prairie Sagebrush) Artemisia ludoviciana (Prairie Sage) Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) Arum spp. (Arum) Aruncus dioicus (Goat's Beard) Arundinaria spp. (Cane, Bamboo) Arundinaria gigantea (Giant Cane) Arundo donax (Giant Reed) Asclepias spp. (Milkweed) Asclepias amplexicaulis (Sand Milkweed) Asclepias exaltata (Poke Milkweed) Asclepias hirtella (Tall Green Milkweed) Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed) Asclepias ovalifolia (Oval-leaved Milkweed) Asclepias purpurascens (Purple Milkweed) Asclepias sullivantii (Prairie Milkweed) Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed) Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed) Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed) Asclepias viridiflora (Short Green Milkweed) Ascyrum hypericoides (St. Andrew's Cross) Asimina triloba (Pawpaw) Asparagus spp. (Asparagus) Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus) Asplenium spp. (Spleenwort) Asplenium pinnatifidum (Lobed Spleenwort) Asplenium rhizophyllum (Walking Fern) Aster spp. (Aster) Aster anomalus (Cliff Aster) Aster cordifolius (Heart-Leaved Aster) Aster divaricatus (White Wood Aster) Aster drummondii (Drummond's Aster) Aster dumosus (Rice Button Aster) Aster ericoides (Heath Aster) Aster laevis (Smooth Blue Aster) Aster lanceolatus (Panicled Aster) Aster lateriflorus (Side-Flowering Aster) Aster ligulatus (Expressway Aster) Aster macrophyllus (Big-Leaved Aster) Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster) Aster oblongifolius (Aromatic Aster) Aster patens (Spreading Aster) Aster pilosus (Frost Aster) Aster praealtus (Willow Aster) Aster prenanthoides (Crooked-Stem Aster) Aster puniceus (Swamp Aster) Aster racemosus (Small White Aster) Aster radulus (Rough Wood Aster) Aster sagittifolius (Arrow-Leaved Aster) Aster sericeus (Silky Aster) Aster shortii (Short's Aster) Aster undulatus (Wavy-Leaved Aster) Aster urophyllus (White Arrow-Leaved Aster) Astragalus spp. (Milkvetch) Astragalus canadensis (Canada Milkvetch) Astragalus crassicarpus (Ground Plum) Athyrium spp. (Lady Fern) Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern) Atriplex spp. (Orach) Atriplex argentea (Silver Orach) Atriplex hortensis (Garden Orach) Atriplex patula (Common Orach) Atriplex prostrata (Prostrate Orach) Aureolaria spp. (False Foxglove) Aureolaria flava (Smooth False Foxglove) Aureolaria grandiflora (Large-flowered False Foxglove) Aureolaria pedicularia (Fern-Leaved False Foxglove) Avena spp. (Oats, Wild Oats) Avena fatua (Wild Oats) Avena sativa (Oats) Azolla spp. (Mosquito Fern) Azolla caroliniana (Carolina Mosquito Fern) Baptisia spp. (Wild Indigo) Baptisia alba macrophylla (White Wild Indigo) Baptisia australis (Blue Wild Indigo) Baptisia leucophaea (Cream Wild Indigo) Baptisia tinctoria (Yellow Wild Indigo) Barbarea spp. (Winter Cress) Barbarea orthoceras (American Yellow Rocket) Barbarea verna (Early Yellow Rocket) Barbarea vulgaris (Yellow Rocket) Bellis spp. (English Daisy) Berberis spp. (Barberry) Berberis thunbergii (Japanese Barberry) Berberis vulgaris (European Barberry) Berteroa incana (Hoary Alyssum) Beta vulgaris (Garden Beets) Betula spp. (Birch) Betula alleghaniensis (Yellow Birch) Betula lenta (Sweet Birch) Betula nigra (River Birch) Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch) Betula pendula (European Weeping Birch) Betula populifolia (Gray Birch) Betula pumila (Dwarf Birch) Betula × sandbergii (Sandberg's Birch) Bidens spp. (Beggar's Ticks, Tickseed Sunflower) Bidens aristosa (Tickseed Sunflower) Bidens bipinnata (Spanish Needles) Bidens cernua (Nodding Bur-Marigold) Bidens frondosa (Common Beggar's Ticks) Bidens laevis (Showy Bur-Marigold) Bidens polylepis (Long-bracted Tickseed Sunflower) Bidens trichosperma (Tall Swamp Marigold) Bidens vulgata (Tall Beggar's Ticks) Bignonia spp. (Crossvine) Bignonia radicans (Trumpet Creeper) Blephilia spp. (Wood Mint) Blephilia ciliata (Downy Wood Mint) Blephilia hirsuta (Hairy Wood Mint) Boehmeria cylindrica (False Nettle) Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (River Bulrush) Boltonia asteroides (False Aster) Borago officinalis (Borage) Bothriochloa saccharoides (Silver Beardgrass) Bouteloua spp. (Grama Grass) Bouteloua curtipendula (Side Oats Grama) Bouteloua gracilis (Blue Grama) Bouteloua hirsuta (Hairy Grama) Brachyelytrum erectum (Long-Awned Wood Grass) Brasenia schreberi (Water Shield) Brassica spp. (Mustard) Brassica juncea (Indian Mustard) Brassica napus (Rapeseed) Brassica nigra (Black Mustard) Brassica oleracea (Broccoli, Wild Cabbage, etc.) Brassica rapa (Field Mustard) Brickellia eupatorioides (False Boneset) Bromus spp. (Brome) Bromus carinatus (California Brome) Bromus catharticus (Rescue Grass) Bromus ciliatus (Fringed Brome) Bromus commutatus (Meadow Brome) Bromus diandrus (Ripgut Brome) Bromus hordeaceus (Soft Brome) Bromus inermis (Smooth Brome) Bromus japonicus (Japanese Brome) Bromus pubescens (Hairy Woodland Brome) Bromus secalinus (Rye Brome) Bromus sterilis (Poverty Brome) Bromus tectorum (Downy Brome) Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry) Buchloe dactyloides (Buffalo Grass) Buchnera americana (Blue Hearts) Bulboschoenus fluviatilis (River Bulrush) Bumelia spp. (Buckthorn) Bumelia lanuginosa (Woolly Buckthorn) Butomus umbellatus (Flowering Rush) Cakile edentula (Sea Rocket) Calamagrostis spp. (Reed Grass) Calamagrostis canadensis (Bluejoint Grass) Calamintha spp. (Calamint) Calamovilfa longifolia (Sand Reed) Calendula officinalis (Pot Marigold) Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry) Callirhoe spp. (Poppy Mallow) Callirhoe triangulata (Clustered Poppy Mallow) Callitriche spp. (Water Starwort) Caltha palustris (Marsh Marigold) Calycocarpum lyonii (Cupseed) Calylophus serrulatus (Toothed Evening Primrose) Calystegia spp. (Bindweed) Calystegia sepium (Hedge Bindweed) Calystegia spithamaea (Erect Bindweed) Camelina sativa (False Flax) Campsis radicans (Trumpet Creeper) Cannabis sativa (Marijuana) Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd's Purse) Caragana arborescens (Siberian Pea Shrub) Cardamine spp. (Bitter Cress) Cardamine bulbosa (Spring Cress) Cardamine douglasii (Purple Cress) Cardamine hirsuta (Hairy Bittercress) Cardamine parviflora arenicola (Small-flowered Bittercress) Cardamine pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Bittercress) Cardaria draba (Hoary Cress) Cardiospermum halicacabum (Balloon Vine) Carduus spp. (Musk Thistle) Carduus acanthoides (Plumeless Thistle) Carduus nutans (Nodding Thistle) Carex spp. (Sedge) Carex albursina (White Bear Sedge) Carex alopecoidea (Foxtail Sedge) Carex amphibola (Eastern Narrow-Leaved Sedge) Carex blanda (Eastern Woodland Sedge) Carex bromoides (Brome Sedge) Carex cephalophora (Capitate Sedge) Carex communis (Fibrous-rooted Sedge) Carex comosa (Porcupine Sedge) Carex crinita (Fringed Sedge) Carex cristatella (Crested Sedge) Carex crus-corvi (Crowfoot Sedge) Carex haydenii (Hayden's Sedge) Carex heliophila (Sun Sedge) Carex hirtifollia (Hairy Sedge) Carex hyalinolepis (Ditch Sedge) Carex jamesii (James' Sedge) Carex lacustris (Lake Sedge) Carex limosa (Mud Sedge) Carex lupuliformis (Hop-Like Sedge) Carex lupulina (Hop Sedge) Carex normalis (Greater Straw Sedge) Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Sedge) Carex praegracilis (Expressway Sedge) Carex rostrata (Beaked Sedge) Carex shortiana (Short's Sedge) Carex stricta (Tussock Sedge) Carex torta (Twisted Sedge) Carex tribuloides (Blunt Broom Sedge) Carex trichocarpa (Plains Slough Sedge) Carex utriculata (Beaked Sedge) Carex vesicaria monile (Blister Sedge) Carex viridula (Little Green Sedge) Carex vulpinoidea (Brown Foxtail Sedge) Carpinus spp. (Hornbeam) Carpinus caroliniana (Musclewood) Carthamus spp. (Safflower) Carum carvi (Caraway) Carya spp. (Hickory) Carya aquatica (Water Hickory) Carya cordiformis (Bitternut Hickory) Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory) Carya illinoinensis (Pecan) Carya laciniosa (Kingnut Hickory) Carya ovalis (Sweet Pignut Hickory) Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory) Carya tomentosa (Mockernut Hickory) Castanea spp. (Chestnut) Castanea dentata (American Chestnut) Castanea mollissima (Chinese Chestnut) Castanea pumila (Allegheny Chinkapin) Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Castilleja spp. (Paintbrush, Painted Cup) Catalpa spp. (Catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides (Southern Catalpa) Catalpa speciosa (Northern Catalpa) Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) Ceanothus spp. (New Jersey Tea, Redroot) Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea) Ceanothus herbaceus (Redroot) Celastrus spp. (Bittersweet) Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental Bittersweet) Celastrus scandens (American Bittersweet) Celosia spp. (Celosia, Cockscomb) Celosia argentea (Cockscomb) Celtis spp. (Hackberry) Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry) Celtis occidentalis (Common Hackberry) Celtis tenuifolia (Dwarf Hackberry) Cenchrus spp. (Sandbur) Centaurea spp. (Knapweed) Centaurea biebersteinii (Spotted Knapweed) Centaurea cyanus (Bachelor's Buttons) Centaurea diffusa (Spreading Star Thistle) Centaurea jacea (Brown Knapweed) Centaurea nigra (Black Knapweed) Centaurea solstitialis (Yellow Star Thistle) Cephalanthus spp. (Buttonbush) Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush) Cerastium spp. (Mouse-Eared Chickweed) Cerastium arvense (Field Chickweed) Cerastium fontanum (Common Mouse-Eared Chickweed) Cerastium glomeratum (Sticky Chickweed) Ceratophyllum spp. (Coontail) Cercis canadensis (Redbud) Chaerophyllum spp. (Wild Chervil) Chamaecrista spp. (Partridge Pea, Sensitive Plant) Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Chamaecrista nictitans (Sensitive Plant) Chamaedaphne calyculata (Leatherleaf) Chamaemelum nobile (Garden Chamomile) Chamaesyce spp. (Low Spurge) Chamaesyce humistrata (Spreading Spurge) Chamaesyce maculata (Prostrate Spurge) Chamaesyce prostrata (Green Creeping Spurge) Chasmanthium latifolium (River Oats) Chelone spp. (Turtlehead) Chelone glabra (White Turtlehead) Chenopodium spp. (Goosefoot, Lamb's Quarters) Chenopodium album (Lamb's Quarters) Chenopodium botrys (Jerusalem Oak) Chenopodium murale (Nettle-leaved Goosefoot) Chimaphila umbellata (Pipsissewa) Chionanthus virginicus (Fringetree) Chionodoxa spp. (Glory-of-the-Snow) Chloris spp. (Windmill Grass) Chloris gayana (Finger Grass) Chrysanthemum spp. (Chrysanthemum) Chrysopsis spp. (Golden Aster) Chrysopsis villosa (Hairy Golden Aster) Cichorium intybus (Chicory) Cicuta spp. (Water Hemlock) Cicuta maculata (Water Hemlock) Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh) Cinna arundinacea (Stout Wood Reed) Circaea alpina (Small Enchanter's Nightshade) Circaea lutetiana (Enchanter's Nightshade) Cirsium spp. (Thistle) Cirsium altissimum (Tall Thistle) Cirsium arvense (Canada Thistle) Cirsium discolor (Pasture Thistle) Cirsium hillii (Hill's Thistle) Cirsium horridulum (Yellow Thistle) Cirsium muticum (Swamp Thistle) Cirsium pitcheri (Dune Thistle) Cirsium undulatum (Wavy-Leaved Thistle) Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle) Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) Cladrastis kentukea (Yellow-Wood) Clematis spp. (Clematis) Clematis occidentalis (Mountain Clematis) Clematis pitcheri (Pitcher's Leatherflower) Clematis viorna (Leatherflower) Cleome spp. (Cleome) Cleome hassleriana (Spider Flower) Cleome serrulata (Rocky Mountain Bee Plant) Clintonia borealis (Bluebead Lily) Clitoria mariana (Butterfly Pea) Collinsonia spp. (Horsebalm) Collinsonia canadensis (Richweed) Comandra umbellata (Bastard Toadflax) Comarum palustre (Marsh Cinquefoil) Commelina communis (Asian Day Flower) Commelina diffusa (Small Day Flower) Commelina erecta (Prairie Day Flower) Commelina virginica (Virginia Day Flower) Comptonia peregrina (Sweetfern) Conioselinum chinense (Hemlock Parsley) Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock) Conoclinium coelestinum (Mistflower) Conopholis americana (Squawroot) Consolida spp. (Larkspur) Convallaria majalis (Lily-of-the-Valley) Convolvulus spp. (Bindweed) Convolvulus arvensis (Field Bindweed) Conyza spp. (Horseweed, Fleabane) Conyza canadensis (Horseweed) Corallorhiza spp. (Coralroot) Corallorhiza striata (Striped Coralroot) Corallorhiza trifida (Early Coralroot) Coreopsis spp. (Coreopsis) Coreopsis grandiflora (Large-Flowered Coreopsis) Coreopsis lanceolata (Sand Coreopsis) Coreopsis palmata (Prairie Coreopsis) Coreopsis tinctoria (Plains Coreopsis) Coreopsis tripteris (Tall Coreopsis) Corispermum villosum (Hairy Bugseed) Cornus spp. (Dogwood) Cornus alternifolia (Pagoda Dogwood) Cornus amomum (Swamp Dogwood) Cornus canadensis (Bunchberry) Cornus drummondii (Rough-Leaved Dogwood) Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) Cornus foemina (Stiff Dogwood) Cornus mas (Cornelian Cherry) Cornus obliqua (Silky Dogwood) Cornus racemosa (Gray Dogwood) Cornus rugosa (Round-Leaved Dogwood) Cornus sericea (Red-Osier Dogwood) Coronilla varia (Crown Vetch) Coronopus spp. (Swine Cress) Coronopus didymus (Lesser Swine Cress) Corydalis aurea (Golden Corydalis) Corylus spp. (Hazelnut) Corylus americana (American Hazelnut) Corylus cornuta (Beaked Hazelnut) Cosmos spp. (Cosmos) Cosmos bipinnatus (Garden Cosmos) Cotinus spp. (Smoketree) Cotinus coggygria (European Smoketree) Cotoneaster spp. (Cotoneaster) Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn) Crataegus calpodendron (Pear Hawthorn) Crataegus crus-galli (Cockspur Hawthorn) Crataegus margarettiae (Margaretta's Hawthorn) Crataegus marshallii (Parsley Haw) Crataegus mollis (Red Haw) Crataegus monogyna (Single-seeded Hawthorn) Crataegus punctata (Dotted Hawthorn) Crataegus uniflora (Dwarf Hawthorn) Crataegus viridis (Green Haw) Crepis spp. (Hawksbeard) Crepis tectorum (Narrow-Leaved Hawksbeard) Crocus spp. (Crocus) Crotalaria spp. (Rattlebox) Crotalaria sagittalis (Rattlebox) Croton spp. (Croton) Croton capitatus (Woolly Croton) Croton glandulosus (Sand Croton) Croton monanthogynus (Prairie Tea) Croton texensis (Texas Croton) Crotonopsis elliptica (Elliptical Rushfoil) Cryptotaenia canadensis (Honewort) Cucumis spp. (Cucumber, Muskmelon) Cucumis melo (Muskmelon) Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) Cucurbita spp. (Gourds) Cucurbita foetidissima (Buffalo Gourd) Cucurbita pepo (Squash) Cunila origanoides (Dittany) Cuphea viscosissima (Clammy Cuphea) Cuscuta spp. (Dodder) Cuscuta glomerata (Rope Dodder) Cuscuta gronovii (Common Dodder) Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Winged Pigweed) Cydonia spp. (Quince) Cydonia oblonga (Common Quince) Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Cynoglossum spp. (Hound's Tongue) Cynoglossum officinale (Hound's Tongue) Cynoglossum virginianum (Wild Comfrey) Cyperus spp. (Flat-Sedge) Cyperus acuminatus (Tapertip Flat-Sedge) Cyperus esculentus (Yellow Nut-Sedge) Cyperus odoratus (Rusty Flat-Sedge) Cyperus strigosus (Straw-colored Flatsedge) Cypripedium spp. (Lady's Slipper) Cypripedium arietinum (Ram's Head Lady's Slipper) Cypripedium parviflorum (Yellow Lady's Slipper) Cypripedium reginae (Showy Lady's Slipper) Cystopteris spp. (Fragile Fern) Cystopteris bulbifera (Bladder Fern) Cystopteris fragilis (Brittle Fragile Fern) Cytisus spp. (Broom) Cytisus scoparius (Scotch Broom) Dactylis glomerata (Orchard Grass) Dalea spp. (Prairie Clover) Dalea candida (White Prairie Clover) Dalea purpurea (Purple Prairie Clover) Dalea villosa (Silky Prairie Clover) Danthonia spp. (Oatgrass) Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oat Grass) Dasistoma macrophylla (Mullein Foxglove) Datura spp. (Datura) Datura inoxia (Downy Thorn-Apple) Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) Datura wrightii (Sacred Thorn-Apple) Daucus spp. (Wild Carrot) Daucus carota (Wild Carrot) Daucus pusillus (American Wild Carrot) Decodon verticillatus (Swamp Loosestrife) Delphinium spp. (Delphinium, Larkspur) Delphinium tricorne (Spring Larkspur) Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Hay-Scented Fern) Dentaria spp. (Toothwort) Dentaria diphylla (Crinkleroot) Dentaria laciniata (Cutleaf Toothwort) Deparia acrostichoides (Silvery Spleenwort) Deschampsia spp. (Hairgrass) Deschampsia cespitosa (Tufted Hairgrass) Descurainia spp. (Tansy Mustard) Descurainia pinnata (Tansy Mustard) Descurainia sophia (Flixweed) Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois Bundleflower) Desmodium spp. (Tick Trefoil) Desmodium canadense (Showy Tick Trefoil) Desmodium canescens (Hoary Tick Trefoil) Desmodium cuspidatum (Bracted Tick Trefoil) Desmodium glabellum (Dillenius' Tick Trefoil) Desmodium glutinosum (Pointed-Leaved Tick Trefoil) Desmodium illinoense (Illinois Tick Trefoil) Desmodium laevigatum (Smooth Tick Trefoil) Desmodium obtusum (Obtuse-Leaved Tick Trefoil) Desmodium paniculatum (Panicled Tick Trefoil) Desmodium perplexum (Perplexing Tick Trefoil) Desmodium sessilifolium (Sessile-Leaved Tick Trefoil) Desmodium viridiflorum (Velvetleaf Tick Trefoil) Dianthus spp. (Pink, Carnation) Dianthus barbatus (Sweet William) Diarrhena americana (Beakgrass) Dichanthelium spp. (Panic Grass) Dichanthelium acuminatum fasciculatum (Woolly Panic Grass) Dichanthelium boscii (Bosc's Panic Grass) Dichanthelium clandestinum (Deer-Tongue Grass) Dichanthelium commutatum (Variable Panic Grass) Dichanthelium dichotomum (Cypress Panic Grass) Dichanthelium latifolium (Broad-Leaved Panic Grass) Dichanthelium leibergii (Leiberg's Panic Grass) Dichanthelium microcarpum (Small-Fruited Panic Grass) Dichanthelium nitidum (Shiny Panic Grass) Dichanthelium oligosanthes scribnerianum (Scribner's Panic Grass) Dichanthelium polyanthes (Round-Seeded Panic Grass) Dichanthelium scoparium (Velvet Panicum) Dichanthelium villosissimum (Hairy Panic Grass) Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Wilcox Panic Grass) Diervilla lonicera (Bush Honeysuckle) Digitalis spp. (Foxglove) Digitaria spp. (Crabgrass) Digitaria filiformis (Slender Crabgrass) Digitaria ischaemum (Smooth Crabgrass) Digitaria sanguinalis (Common Crabgrass) Diodia spp. (Buttonweed) Diodia teres (Rough Buttonweed) Diodia virginiana (Large Buttonweed) Dioscorea villosa (Wild Yam) Diospyros virginiana (Persimmon) Diplazium pycnocarpon (Glade Fern) Diplotaxis spp. (Wall-Rocket) Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Sand Rocket) Dipsacus spp. (Teasel) Dipsacus fullonum (Common Teasel) Dirca palustris (Leatherwood) Distichlis spp. (Salt Grass) Distichlis spicata (Salt Grass) Dodecatheon meadia (Shooting Star) Doellingeria infirma (Cornel-Leaved Aster) Doellingeria umbellata (Flat-Topped Aster) Dracopis amplexicaulis (Clasping Coneflower) Drosera spp. (Sundew) Drosera rotundifolia (Round-Leaved Sundew) Dryopteris spp. (Wood Fern, Shield Fern) Dryopteris carthusiana (Toothed Wood Fern) Dryopteris cristata (Crested Shield Fern) Dryopteris marginalis (Marginal Shield Fern) Dulichium spp. (Three-Way Sedge) Dyssodia papposa (Fetid Marigold) Echinacea spp. (Coneflower) Echinacea angustifolia (Black Sampson) Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflower) Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) Echinochloa spp. (Barnyard Grass) Echinochloa colonum (Jungle Rice) Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass) Echinochloa frumentacea (Billion Dollar Grass) Echinochloa muricata (Barnyard Grass) Echinochloa walteri (Swamp Barnyard Grass) Echinocystis lobata (Wild Cucumber) Echinodorus spp. (Bur-Head) Echinodorus cordifolius (Creeping Bur-Head) Echium vulgare (Viper's Bugloss) Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) Elaeagnus spp. (Oleaster) Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian Olive) Elaeagnus commutata (American Silverberry) Eleocharis spp. (Spike Rush) Eleocharis elliptica (Elliptic Spike Rush) Eleocharis erythropoda (Red-based Spike Rush) Eleocharis macrostachya (Pale Spike Rush) Eleocharis obtusa (Blunt Spike Rush) Eleocharis palustris (Marsh Spike Rush) Eleocharis quadrangulata (Four-square Spike Rush) Eleocharis rostellata (Wicket Spike Rush) Eleocharis parvula (Dwarf Spike Rush) Elephantopus carolinianus (Elephant's Foot) Eleusine indica (Goose Grass) Elodea canadensis (Canadian Waterweed) Elymus spp. (Wild Rye) Elymus canadensis (Canada Wild Rye) Elymus glaucus (Blue Wild Rye) Elymus hystrix (Bottlebrush Grass) Elymus longifolius (Squirreltail Grass) Elymus pauciflorus subsecundus (Bearded Wheat Grass) Elymus trachycaulus (Slender Wheatgrass) Elymus villosus (Silky Wild Rye) Elymus virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye) Elytrigia spp. (Wheat Grass) Elytrigia dasystachya (Western Wheat Grass) Elytrigia repens (Quack Grass) Epigaea repens (Trailing Arbutus) Epilobium spp. (Willow-Herb) Epilobium angustifolium (Fireweed) Epilobium ciliatum (Northern Willow-Herb) Epilobium coloratum (Cinnamon Willow-Herb) Epilobium hirsutum (Hairy Willow-Herb) Epipactis helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine) Equisetum spp. (Horsetail) Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail) Equisetum laevigatum (Smooth Horsetail) Equisetum palustre (Marsh Horsetail) Eragrostis spp. (Love Grass) Eragrostis capillaris (Lace Grass) Eragrostis cilianensis (Stinking Love Grass) Eragrostis hirsuta (Bigtop Love Grass) Eragrostis mexicana (Mexican Love Grass) Eragrostis minor (Lesser Love Grass) Eragrostis pectinacea (Slender Love Grass) Eragrostis spectabilis (Purple Love Grass) Eragrostis trichodes (Sand Love Grass) Erechtites hieracifolia (Pilewort) Erianthus spp. (Plume Grass) Erianthus alopecuroides (Silver Plume Grass) Erigeron spp. (Fleabane) Erigeron annuus (Annual Fleabane) Erigeron philadelphicus (Marsh Fleabane) Erigeron pulchellus (Robin's Plantain) Erigeron strigosus (Daisy Fleabane) Eriocaulon spp. (Pipewort) Eriochloa villosa (Hairy Cup Grass) Eriophorum spp. (Cotton Sedge) Erodium cicutarium (Storksbill) Eruca vesicaria sativa (Garden Rocket) Erucastrum gallicum (Dog Mustard) Eryngium spp. (Eryngo) Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master) Erysimum asperum (Western Wallflower) Erysimum capitatum (Western Wallflower) Erysimum cheiranthoides (Wormseed Mustard) Erysimum inconspicuum (Small Wormseed Mustard) Erysimum repandum (Treacle Mustard) Eubotrys spp. (Doghobble) Euonymus spp. (Euonymus) Euonymus alatus (Winged Euonymus) Euonymus americanus (Strawberry Bush) Euonymus atropurpureus (Wahoo) Euonymus europaeus (European Spindle Tree) Euonymus fortunei (Winter Creeper) Euonymus japonicus (Japanese Spindle Tree) Euonymus obovatus (Running Strawberry Bush) Eupatoriadelphus spp. (Joe-Pye Weed) Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Hollow-Stemmed Joe-Pye Weed) Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (Spotted Joe-Pye Weed) Eupatoriadelphus purpureus (Sweet Joe-Pye Weed) Eupatorium spp. (Boneset) Eupatorium altissimum (Tall Boneset) Eupatorium capillifolium (Dog Fennel) Eupatorium hyssopifolium (Hyssop-Leaved Boneset) Eupatorium perfoliatum (Common Boneset) Eupatorium serotinum (Late Boneset) Eupatorium sessilifolium (Upland Boneset) Euphorbia spp. (Spurge) Euphorbia corollata (Flowering Spurge) Euphorbia cyparissias (Cypress Spurge) Euphorbia esula (Leafy Spurge) Euphorbia helioscopia (Wart Spurge) Euphorbia marginata (Snow-on-the-Mountain) Eurybia spp. (Aster) Euthamia spp. (Grass-Leaved Goldenrod) Euthamia caroliniana (Carolina Grass-leaved Goldenrod) Euthamia graminifolia (Grass-Leaved Goldenrod) Euthamia gymnospermoides (Plains Grass-Leaved Goldenrod) Fagopyrum spp. (Buckwheat) Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat) Fagus spp. (Beech) Fagus grandifolia (American Beech) Fagus sylvatica (European Beech) Fallopia spp. (Climbing Buckwheat) Fallopia convolvulus (Black Bindweed) Fallopia scandens (Climbing Buckwheat) Festuca spp. (Fescue) Festuca arundinacea (Tall Fescue) Festuca pratensis (Meadow Fescue) Festuca rubra (Red Fescue) Festuca subverticillata (Nodding Fescue) Festuca trachyphylla (Sheep Fescue) Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Forestiera acuminata (Swamp Privet) Fragaria spp. (Wild Strawberry, Strawberry) Fragaria × ananassa (Cultivated Strawberry) Fragaria vesca (Hillside Strawberry) Fragaria virginiana (Wild Strawberry) Frangula spp. (Buckthorn) Frasera caroliniensis (American Columbo) Fraxinus spp. (Ash) Fraxinus americana (White Ash) Fraxinus nigra (Black Ash) Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Red Ash, Green Ash) Fraxinus quadrangulatus (Blue Ash) Froelichia spp. (Cottonweed) Froelichia floridana campestris (Large Cottonweed) Gaillardia spp. (Indian Blanket, Blanket Flower) Gaillardia aestivalis (Prairie Blanket Flower) Gaillardia aristata (Blanket Flower) Gaillardia pulchella (Indian Blanket) Galearis spectabilis (Showy Orchis) Galeopsis spp. (Hemp Nettle) Galeopsis tetrahit (Common Hemp Nettle) Galinsoga quadriradiata (Peruvian Daisy) Galium spp. (Bedstraw) Galium aparine (Cleavers) Galium boreale (Northern Bedstraw) Galium circaezans (Wild Licorice) Galium mollugo (Hedge Bedstraw) Galium pilosum (Hairy Bedstraw) Galium triflorum (Sweet Bedstraw) Galium verum (Yellow Bedstraw) Gamochaeta spp. (Cudweed) Gamochaeta purpurea (Early Cudweed) Gaultheria spp. (Wintergreen, Checkerberry, Teaberry) Gaura spp. (Gaura) Gaura biennis (Biennial Gaura) Gaura coccinea (Scarlet Gaura) Gaura filipes (Slender Gaura) Gaura longiflora (Common Gaura) Gaura parviflora (Small-Flowered Gaura) Gaylussacia spp. (Huckleberry) Gaylussacia baccata (Black Huckleberry) Genista spp. (Broom) Gentiana andrewsii (Bottle Gentian) Geranium spp. (Geranium) Geranium carolinianum (Carolina Geranium) Geranium maculatum (Wild Geranium) Geranium robertianum (Herb Robert) Geum spp. (Avens) Geum canadense (White Avens) Geum laciniatum (Cream Avens) Geum triflorum (Prairie Smoke) Geum urbanum (Wood Avens) Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) Gladiolus spp. (Gladiolus) Glandularia canadensis (Rose Vervain) Glechoma hederacea (Ground Ivy) Gleditsia spp. (Honey Locust) Gleditisia aquatica (Water Locust) Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey Locust) Glyceria spp. (Manna Grass) Glyceria canadensis (Rattlesnake Manna Grass) Glyceria grandis (American Manna Grass) Glyceria obtusa (Atlantic Manna Grass) Glyceria septentrionalis (Fowl Manna Grass) Glyceria striata (Fowl Manna Grass) Glycine max (Soybean) Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Wild Licorice) Gnaphalium spp. (Cudweed) Gnaphalium uliginosum (Low Cudweed) Gossypium spp. (Cotton) Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton) Grindelia spp. (Gumweed) Grindelia squarrosa (Curlycup Gumweed) Gutierrezia texana (Snakeweed) Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky Coffee Tree) Gypsophila spp. (Baby's Breath) Hackelia virginiana (Stickseed) Halesia spp. (Silverbell, Snopdrop) Hamamelis spp. (Witch Hazel) Hamamelis virginiana (Witch Hazel) Hedera helix (English Ivy) Helenium spp. (Sneezeweed) Helenium amarum (Bitterweed) Helenium autumnale (Sneezeweed) Helenium flexuosum (Purple-headed Sneezeweed) Helianthemum spp. (Frostweed) Helianthus spp. (Sunflower) Helianthus angustifolius (Swamp Sunflower) Helianthus annuus (Annual Sunflower) Helianthus atrorubens (Purple-Disk Sunflower) Helianthus ciliaris (Texas Blueweed) Helianthus decapetalus (Ten-Petal Sunflower) Helianthus divaricatus (Woodland Sunflower) Helianthus giganteus (Giant Sunflower) Helianthus grosseserratus (Sawtooth Sunflower) Helianthus hirsutus (Hairy Sunflower) Helianthus maximiliani (Maximilian's Sunflower) Helianthus × multiflorus (Many-flowered Sunflower) Helianthus occidentalis (Western Sunflower) Helianthus pauciflorus (Prairie Sunflower) Helianthus petiolaris (Plains Sunflower) Helianthus strumosus (Pale-Leaved Sunflower) Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem Artichoke) Heliopsis spp. (False Sunflower) Heliopsis helianthoides (False Sunflower) Heliotropium indicum (Indian Heliotrope) Hemerocallis spp. (Day Lily) Hepatica spp. (Hepatica) Heracleum maximum (Cow Parsnip) Hesperis matronalis (Dame's Rocket) Heterostipa spp. (Porcupine Grass, Needle Grass) Heterostipa comata (Needle-and-Thread) Heterostipa spartea (Porcupine Grass) Heterotheca spp. (Camphorweed) Heterotheca subaxillaris (Camphorweed) Heuchera spp. (Alumroot) Heuchera americana (Tall Alumroot) Heuchera richardsonii (Prairie Alumroot) Heuchera villosa (Hairy Alumroot) Hibiscus spp. (Rose Mallow) Hibiscus laevis (Halberd-Leaved Rose Mallow) Hibiscus lasiocarpos (Hairy Rose Mallow) Hibiscus moscheutos (Swamp Rose Mallow) Hibiscus syriacus (Rose-of-Sharon) Hibiscus trionum (Flower-of-an-Hour) Hieracium spp. (Hawkweed) Hieracium aurantiacum (Orange Hawkweed) Hieracium caespitosum (Meadow Hawkweed) Hieracium longipilum (Long-bearded Hawkweed) Hieracium scabrum (Rough Hawkweed) Hieracium umbellatum (Northern Hawkweed) Hieracium venosum (Rattlesnake Hawkweed) Hierochloe spp. (Sweet Grass) Holcus spp. (Velvet Grass) Holcus lanatus (Velvet Grass) Honckenya peploides (Seaside Sandwort) Hordeum spp. (Barley, Wild Barley) Hordeum jubatum (Foxtail Barley) Hordeum pusillum (Little Barley) Hordeum vulgare (Barley) Houstonia spp. (Bluets) Humulus spp. (Hops) Humulus japonicus (Japanese Hops) Humulus lupulus (Common Hops) Hybanthus concolor (Green Violet) Hydrangea spp. (Hydrangea) Hydrangea arborescens (Wild Hydrangea) Hydrocotyle spp. (Water Pennywort) Hydrocotyle umbellata (Many-flowered Water Pennywort) Hydrophyllum virginianum (Virginia Waterleaf) Hymenocallis caroliniana (Spider Lily) Hymenopappus scabiosaeus (Old Plainsman) Hyoscyamus niger (Black Henbane) Hypericum spp. (St. John's Wort) Hypericum adpressum (Shore St. John's Wort) Hypericum densiflorum (Bushy St. John's Wort) Hypericum hypericoides (St. Andrew's Cross) Hypericum kalmianum (Kalm's St. John's Wort) Hypericum lobocarpum (Five-Lobed St. John's Wort) Hypericum mitchellianum (Blue Ridge St. John's Wort) Hypericum mutilum (Dwarf St. John's Wort) Hypericum perforatum (Common St. John's Wort) Hypericum prolificum (Shrubby St. John's Wort) Hypericum punctatum (Spotted St. John's Wort) Hypericum sphaerocarpum (Round-Fruited St. John's Wort) Hypochaeris radicata (Rough Cat's Ear) Iberis spp. (Candytuft) Ilex spp. (Holly) Ilex aquifolium (English Holly) Ilex decidua (Swamp Holly) Ilex glabra (Inkberry) Ilex montana (Mountain Holly) Ilex opaca (American Holly) Ilex verticillata (Winterberry) Impatiens spp. (Jewelweed) Impatiens capensis (Orange Jewelweed) Impatiens pallida (Yellow Jewelweed) Inula helenium (Elecampane) Ipomoea spp. (Morning Glory) Ipomoea hederacea (Ivy-leaved Morning Glory) Ipomoea lacunosa (Small Morning Glory) Ipomoea pandurata (Wild Sweet Potato) Ipomoea purpurea (Common Morning Glory) Iris spp. (Iris) Iris versicolor (Northern Blue Flag) Iris virginica shrevei (Southern Blue Flag) Isanthus brachiatus (False Pennyroyal) Isatis tinctoria (Dyer's Woad) Isoetes tenella (Spiny-Spored Quillwort) Isoetes tuckermanii (Tuckerman's Quillwort) Iva spp. (Marsh-Elder, Sumpweed) Iva annua (Annual Marsh-Elder) Iva xanthifolia (Giant Sumpweed) Juglans spp. (Walnut) Juglans cinerea (Butternut) Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Juglans regia (English Walnut) Juncus spp. (Rushes) Juncus acuminatus (Pointed Rush) Juncus balticus (Baltic Rush) Juncus debilis (Weak Rush) Juncus effusus (Soft Rush) Juncus tenuis (Path Rush) Juncus torreyi (Torrey's Rush) Juniperus spp. (Juniper, Cedar) Juniperus chinensis (Chinese Juniper) Juniperus communis (Ground Juniper) Juniperus horizontalis (Trailing Juniper) Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Red Cedar) Justicia spp. (Water Willow) Justicia americana (Water Willow) Kalmia spp. (Laurel) Kalmia angustifolia (Sheep Laurel) Kalmia latifolia (Mountain Laurel) Knautia arvensis (Field Scabiosa) Kochia scoparia (Kochia) Koeleria macrantha (June Grass) Koelreuteria paniculata (Golden Rain Tree) Krigia spp. (Dwarf Dandelion) Krigia biflora (Two-flowered Cynthia) Kummerowia stipulacea (Korean Bush Clover) Laburnum spp. (Laburnum, Golden Chain Tree) Lactuca spp. (Wild Lettuce) Lactuca biennis (Tall Blue Lettuce) Lactuca canadensis (Wild Lettuce) Lactuca hirsuta (Hairy Wild Lettuce) Lactuca pulchella (Wild Blue Lettuce) Lactuca sativa (Garden Lettuce) Lactuca serriola (Prickly Lettuce) Lagenaria siceraria (Lagenaria) Lamium spp. (Dead Nettle) Laportea canadensis (Wood Nettle) Lappula occidentalis (Western Stickseed) Lappula squarrosa (European Stickseed) Lapsana communis (Nipplewort) Larix spp. (Larch) Larix decidua (European Larch) Larix laricina (American Larch) Lathyrus spp. (Vetchling) Lathyrus maritimus (Beach Pea) Lathyrus ochroleucus (Pale Vetchling) Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet Pea) Lathyrus venosus (Veiny Pea) Lechea spp. (Pinweed) Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador Tea) Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass) Leersia virginica (White Grass) Lemna spp. (Duckweed) Lemna minor (Lesser Duckweed) Lemna trisulca (Star Duckweed) Leontodon autumnalis (Fall Dandelion) Leontodon hispidus (Rough Hawkbit) Leonurus spp. (Motherwort) Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort) Lepidium spp. (Peppergrass) Lepidium campestre (Field Peppergrass) Lepidium densiflorum (Green-Flowered Peppergrass) Lepidium draba (Hoary Cress) Lepidium latifolium (Broad-leaved Peppergrass) Lepidium ruderale (Stinking Peppergrass) Lepidium sativum (Garden Peppergrass) Lepidium virginicum (Common Peppergrass) Leptochloa filiformis (Red Sprangletop) Leptoloma cognatum (Fall Witch Grass) Lespedeza spp. (Bush Clover) Lespedeza capitata (Round-Headed Bush Clover) Lespedeza cuneata (Chinese Bush Clover) Lespedeza hirta (Hairy Bush Clover) Lespedeza intermedia (Wand-Like Bush Clover) Lespedeza repens (Creeping Bush Clover) Lespedeza virginica (Slender Bush Clover) Lesquerella spp. (Bladderpod) Lesquerella ludoviciana (Silvery Bladderpod) Leucanthemum spp. (Daisy) Leucanthemum vulgare (Ox-Eye Daisy) Leucothoe spp. (Doghobble) Leymus spp. (Dune Grass) Liatris spp. (Blazingstar) Liatris cylindracea (Cylindrical Blazingstar) Liatris punctata (Dotted Blazingstar) Liatris pycnostachya (Prairie Blazingstar) Liatris scariosa (Northern Blazingstar) Liatris spicata (Marsh Blazingstar) Liatris squarrosa (Scaly Blazingstar) Ligustrum spp. (Privet) Ligustrum obtusifolium (Border Privet) Ligustrum ovalifolium (Garden Privet) Ligustrum vulgare (Common Privet) Lilium spp. (Lily) Lilium canadense (Canada Lily) Lilium lancifolium (Tiger Lily) Lilium philadelphicum (Prairie Lily) Lilium superbum (Turk's Cap Lily) Limnobium spongia (Sponge Plant) Linaria spp. (Toadflax) Linaria dalmatica (Dalmatian Toadflax) Linaria vulgaris (Butter-and-Eggs) Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) Linnaea borealis (Twinflower) Linum spp. (Flax) Linum sulcatum (Grooved Yellow Flax) Linum usitatissimum (Flax) Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum) Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip Tree) Lithospermum spp. (Puccoon) Lithospermum canescens (Hoary Puccoon) Lithospermum croceum (Yellow Puccoon) Lithospermum incisum (Fringed Puccoon) Lithospermum latifolium (American Gromwell) Lithospermum officinale (European Gromwell) Lobelia spp. (Lobelia) Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower) Lobelia dortmanna (Water Lobelia) Lobularia spp. (Sweet Alyssum) Lobularia maritima (Sweet Alyssum) Lolium spp. (Rye Grass) Lolium multiflorum (Italian Rye Grass) Lolium perenne (English Rye Grass) Lonicera spp. (Honeysuckle) Lonicera canadensis (American Fly Honeysuckle) Lonicera caprifolium (Italian Honeysuckle) Lonicera flava (Yellow Honeysuckle) Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle) Lonicera morrowii (Morrow's Honeysuckle) Lonicera periclymenum (European Honeysuckle) Lonicera sempervirens (Trumpet Honeysuckle) Lonicera tatarica (Tatarian Honeysuckle) Lonicera xylosteum (Dwarf Honeysuckle) Lotus spp. (Trefoil) Lotus corniculatus (Birdfoot Trefoil) Ludwigia spp. (False Loosestrife) Ludwigia alternifolia (Seedbox) Ludwigia decurrens (Wing-leaved Primrose Willow) Ludwigia leptocarpa (Anglestem Primrose Willow) Ludwigia palustris (Marsh Purslane) Ludwigia peploides glabrescens (Creeping Water Primrose) Ludwigia polycarpa (False Loosestrife) Ludwigia sphaerocarpa (Round-Podded Water Primrose) Luffa cylindrica (Vegetable Sponge) Lunaria annua (Money Plant) Lupinus spp. (Lupine) Lupinus perennis (Wild Lupine) Luzula spp. (Wood Rush) Lychnis spp. (Campion) Lychnis flos-cuculi (Ragged Robin) Lycium spp. (Matrimony Vine) Lycium barbarum (Common Matrimony Vine) Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) Lycopus spp. (Bugleweed) Lycopus americanus (American Bugleweed) Lycopus uniflorus (Northern Bugleweed) Lycopus virginicus (Virginia Bugleweed) Lyonia spp. (Staggerbush, Lyonia) Lysimachia spp. (Loosestrife) Lysimachia ciliata (Fringed Loosestrife) Lysimachia lanceolata (Lance-Leaved Loosestrife) Lysimachia nummularia (Moneywort) Lysimachia quadrifolia (Whorled Loosestrife) Lysimachia terrestris (Swamp Candles) Lythrum spp. (Loosestrife) Lythrum alatum (Winged Loosestrife) Lythrum salicaria (Purple Loosestrife) Machaeranthera spp. (Tansy Aster) Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange) Magnolia spp. (Magnolia) Magnolia tripetala (Umbrella Tree) Maianthemum spp. (Mayflower) Maianthemum canadense (Canada Mayflower) Maianthemum racemosum (False Solomon's Seal) Malus spp. (Apple, Crab Apple) Malus angustifolia (Southern Crab Apple) Malus baccata (Siberian Crab Apple) Malus coronaria (Wild Crab Apple) Malus ioensis (Prairie Crab Apple) Malus pumila (Apple) Malva spp. (Mallow) Malva neglecta (Common Mallow) Malva parviflora (Small-flowered Mallow) Malva rotundifolia (Dwarf Mallow) Malvastrum spp. (Globe Mallow) Marrubium vulgare (Common Horehound) Marsilea quadrifolia (Water Clover) Matricaria spp. (Wild Chamomile) Matteuccia struthiopteris (Ostrich Fern) Matthiola incana (Stocks) Medicago spp. (Medic) Medicago lupulina (Black Medic) Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Melampyrum lineare (Cow Wheat) Melanthera nivea (Snow Squarestem) Melilotus spp. (Sweet Clover) Melilotus alba (White Sweet Clover) Melilotus officinalis (Yellow Sweet Clover) Melothria pendula (Squirting Cucumber) Menispermum canadense (Moonseed) Mentha spp. (Mint) Mentha arvensis (Field Mint) Mentha × gentilis (Red Mint) Mentha × piperita (Peppermint) Mentha × rotundifolia (Apple Mint) Mentha spicata (Spearmint) Mentzelia nuda (Bractless Stickleaf) Menyanthes trifoliata (Bog Buckbean) Mikania scandens (Climbing Hempweed) Milium spp. (Millet Grass) Milium effusum (Millet Grass) Mimulus spp. (Monkey Flower) Mimulus glabratus jamesii (James' Monkeyflower) Mimulus ringens (Allegheny Monkeyflower) Mirabilis spp. (Four O'Clock) Mirabilis nyctaginea (Wild Four O'Clock) Miscanthus spp. (Plume Grass) Miscanthus sinensis (Chinese Plume Grass) Moehringia spp. (Sandwort) Monarda spp. (Bee Balm) Monarda bradburiana (Bradbury's Bee Balm) Monarda didyma (Oswego Tea) Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) Monarda punctata (Spotted Bee Balm) Monotropa spp. (Indian Pipe & Pinesap) Monotropa hypopitys (Pinesap) Monotropa uniflora (Indian Pipe) Morus spp. (Mulberry) Morus alba (White Mulberry) Morus rubra (Red Mulberry) Muhlenbergia spp. (Muhly, Satin Grass) Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Prairie Satin Grass) Muhlenbergia frondosa (Common Satin Grass) Muhlenbergia mexicana (Wire-Stem Muhly) Muhlenbergia schreberi (Nimblewill) Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Slender Satin Grass) Muscari racemosum (Grape Hyacinth) Myosotis spp. (Forget-Me-Not) Myosotis macrosperma (Big-Fruited Scorpion Weed) Myosoton aquaticum (Water Chickweed) Myrica spp. (Myrtle) Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle) Myrica gale (Sweet Gale) Myriophyllum spp. (Water Milfoil) Myriophyllum heterophyllum (Variable Water Milfoil) Myriophyllum sibiricum (Northern Water Milfoil) Najas guadalupensis (Southern Naiad) Napaea dioica (Glade Mallow) Narcissus spp. (Narcissus) Nassella spp. (Feathergrass) Nassella viridula (Green Needlegrass) Nasturtium spp. (Water Cress) Nasturtium officinale (Water Cress) Naumbergia thyrsiflora (Tufted Loosestrife) Nelumbo lutea (American Lotus) Neobeckia aquatica (Lake Cress) Nepeta spp. (Catmint) Nepeta cataria (Catnip) Neslia paniculata (Ball Mustard) Nicandra physalodes (Shoofly Plant) Nicotiana spp. (Tobacco) Nicotiana rustica (Aztec Tobacco) Nothocalais cuspidata (Prairie Dandelion) Nuphar spp. (Pond Lily) Nuphar lutea (Yellow Pond Lily) Nuphar lutea advena (Spatterdock) Nuphar lutea variegata (Bullhead Lily) Nuttallanthus canadensis (Blue Toadflax) Nymphaea spp. (Water Lily) Nymphaea odorata (Fragrant Water Lily) Nymphaea tuberosa (White Water Lily) Nyssa spp. (Tupelo) Nyssa aquatica (Water Tupelo) Nyssa sylvatica (Black Gum) Obolaria virginica (Virginia Pennywort) Ocimum spp. (Basil) Ocimum basilicum (Basil) Oclemena acuminata (Whorled Wood Aster) Oenanthe spp. (Water Dropwort) Oenothera spp. (Evening Primrose) Oenothera albicaulis (Prairie Evening Primrose) Oenothera biennis (Common Evening Primrose) Oenothera clelandii (Sand Evening Primrose) Oenothera laciniata (Ragged Evening Primrose) Oenothera macrocarpa (Missouri Evening Primrose) Oenothera nuttallii (Nuttall's Evening Primrose) Oenothera parviflora (Small-flowered Evening Primrose) Oenothera rhombipetala (Sand Evening Primrose) Oenothera speciosa (Showy Evening Primrose) Oligoneuron spp. (Flat-Headed Goldenrod) Oligoneuron ohioense (Ohio Goldenrod) Oligoneuron rigidum (Stiff Goldenrod) Onobrychis viciifolia (Common Sanfoin) Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive Fern) Onopordum acanthium (Scotch Thistle) Onosmodium spp. (Marbleseed) Onosmodium molle (Marbleseed) Opuntia spp. (Prickly Pear) Opuntia humifusa (Eastern Prickly Pear) Orbexilum spp. (Scurf-pea, Leather-root) Orbexilum pedunculatum (Sampson's Snakeroot) Ornithogalum spp. (Starflower) Orobanche spp. (Broomrape) Oryza sativa (Rice) Oryzopsis spp. (Rice Grass) Oryzopsis pungens (Mountain Ricegrass) Osmorhiza claytonii (Sweet Cicely) Osmorhiza longistylis (Aniseroot) Osmunda spp. (Osmunda Fern) Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern) Osmunda regalis (Royal Fern) Ostyra spp. (Hornbeam, Ironwood) Ostrya virginiana (Ironwood) Oxalis spp. (Wood Sorrel) Oxalis corniculata (Creeping Wood Sorrel) Oxalis stricta (Yellow Wood Sorrel) Oxydendron arboreum (Sourwood) Oxypolis rigidior (Cowbane) Oxytropis spp. (Locoweed) Pachysandra terminalis (Japanese Pachysandra) Paeonia officinalis (Common Peony) Panax quinquefolius (Wild Ginseng) Panicum spp. (Panic Grass) Panicum capillare (Witch Grass) Panicum dichotomiflorum (Fall Panicum) Panicum miliaceum (Broomcorn Millet) Panicum rigidulum (Munro Grass) Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass) Papaver spp. (Poppy) Papaver rhoeas (Field Poppy) Parietaria pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Pellitory) Parthenium spp. (Feverfew) Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria Feverfew) Parthenocissus spp. (Woodbine) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper) Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston Ivy) Paspalum spp. (Bead Grass) Paspalum dilatatum (Dallis Grass) Paspalum pubiflorum (Hairy-Seeded Bead Grass) Paspalum setaceum (Slender Bead Grass) Passiflora spp. (Passion Flower) Passiflora incarnata (Purple Passion Flower) Passiflora lutea (Creamy Passion Flower) Pastinaca sativa (Wild Parsnip) Paulownia tomentosa (Princess Tree) Pedicularis spp. (Betony, Lousewort) Pedicularis canadensis (Wood Betony) Pedicularis lanceolata (Swamp Betony) Pediomelum argophyllum (Silver-Leaved Scurf-Pea) Peltandra virginica (Arrow Arum) Pennisetum spp. (Fountain Grass) Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet) Penstemon spp. (Beardtongue, Penstemon) Penstemon calycosus (Long-sepaled Penstemon) Penstemon hirsutus (Hairy Penstemon) Penstemon laevigatus (Smooth Penstemon) Pentaphylloides floribunda (Shrubby Cinquefoil) Perideridia spp. (Perideridia) Perilla frutescens (Beefsteak Plant) Persicaria spp. (Smartweed) Persicaria amphibium (Water Smartweed) Persicaria coccinea (Marsh Smartweed) Persicaria densiflora (Southern Smartweed) Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) Persicaria hydropiperoides (Mild Water Pepper) Persicaria lapathifolia (Pale Smartweed) Persicaria pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Smartweed) Persicaria punctata (Dotted Smartweed) Persicaria setacea (Slender Smartweed) Persicaria vulgaris (Lady's Thumb) Petasites hybridus (Common Butterbur) Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) Petunia × hybrida (Garden Petunia) Phacelia spp. (Phacelia) Phacelia bipinnatifida (Forest Phacelia) Phacelia covillei (Coville's Phacelia) Phacelia dubia (Appalachian Phacelia) Phacelia purshii (Miami Mist) Phalaris spp. (Canary Grass) Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary Grass) Phalaris canariensis (Canary Grass) Phalaris minor (Little-Seeded Canary Grass) Phaseolus spp. (Wild Bean, Bean) Phaseolus polystachios (Wild Bean) Philadelphus spp. (Mock Orange) Philadelphus coronarius (Sweet Mock Orange) Philadelphus inodoratus (Scentless Mock Orange) Phleum pratense (Timothy) Phlox spp. (Phlox) Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox) Phlox pilosa (Prairie Phlox) Phlox subulata (Moss Phlox) Phoradendron spp. (Mistletoe) Phoradendron leucarpum (Mistletoe) Phragmites spp. (Reed) Phragmites australis (Common Reed) Phryma leptostachya (Lopseed) Phyla lanceolata (Fogfruit) Physalis spp. (Ground Cherry) Physalis alkekengi (Chinese Lanterns) Physalis angulata (Cutleaf Ground Cherry) Physalis heterophylla (Clammy Ground Cherry) Physalis lanceolata (Narrow-Leaved Ground Cherry) Physalis longifolia (Long-Leaved Ground Cherry) Physalis philadelphica (Tomatillo) Physalis pubescens (Annual Ground Cherry) Physalis virginiana (Lance-Leaved Ground Cherry) Physocarpus spp. (Ninebark) Physocarpus opulifolius (Ninebark) Physostegia angustifolia (Narrow-Leaved Obedient Plant) Physostegia virginiana (Obedient Plant) Phytolacca americana (American Pokeweed) Picea spp. (Spruce) Picea abies (Norway Spruce) Picea canadensis (White Spruce) Picea mariana (Black Spruce) Picea pungens (Blue Spruce) Picea rubens (Red Spruce) Picris spp. (Oxtongue) Pieris spp. (Fetterbush, Pieris) Pilea spp. (Clearweed) Pilea pumila (Clearweed) Pimpinella anisum (Anise) Pinus spp. (Pine) Pinus banksiana (Jack Pine) Pinus densiflora umbraculifera (Tanyosho Pine) Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine) Pinus mugo (Mugo Pine) Pinus nigra (Austrian Pine) Pinus pungens (Table Mountain Pine) Pinus resinosa (Red Pine) Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine) Pinus strobus (White Pine) Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine) Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) Pinus virginiana (Scrub Pine) Pisum sativum (Garden Pea) Planera aquatica (Water Elm) Plantago spp. (Plantain) Plantago aristata (Bracted Plantain) Plantago lanceolata (English Plantain) Plantago major (Broadleaf Plantain) Plantago patagonica (Woolly Plantain) Plantago rugelii (Black-Seeded Plantain) Platanthera spp. (Fringed Orchid) Platanthera leucophaea (Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid) Platanthera praeclara (Western Prairie Fringed Orchid) Platanus spp. (Sycamore) Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore) Pluchea camphorata (Camphorweed) Poa spp. (Bluegrass) Poa annua (Annual Bluegrass) Poa compressa (Canada Bluegrass) Poa nemoralis (Wood Bluegrass) Poa pratensis (Kentucky Bluegrass) Poa sylvestris (Woodland Bluegrass) Poa trivialis (Meadow Bluegrass) Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) Poinsettia spp. (Poinsettia) Poinsettia cyanthophora (Wild Poinsettia) Poinsettia dentata (Toothed Spurge) Polanisia dodecandra trachysperma (Large-Flowered Clammyweed) Polemonium reptans (Jacob's Ladder) Polygala spp. (Milkwort) Polygonatum spp. (Solomon's Seal) Polygonatum commutatum (Solomon's Seal) Polygonum spp. (Knotweed) Polygonum aviculare (Prostrate Knotweed) Polymnia spp. (Polymnia) Polymnia canadensis (Leafcup) Polypodium spp. (Polypody) Polypodium virginianum (Common Polypody, Rockcap Fern) Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern) Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed) Populus spp. (Poplar, Cottonwood, Aspen) Populus alba (White Poplar) Populus balsamifera (Balsam Poplar) Populus × canadensis (Canada Poplar) Populus deltoides (Eastern Cottonwood) Populus × gileadensis (Balm-of-Gilead) Populus grandidentata (Big-Toothed Aspen) Populus heterophylla (Swamp Cottonwood) Populus nigra (Black Poplar) Populus tremuloides (Quaking Aspen) Portulaca spp. (Portulaca) Portulaca grandiflora (Rose Moss) Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) Potamogeton spp. (Pondweed) Potamogeton alpinus (Northern Pondweed) Potamogeton amplifolius (Broad-Leaved Pondweed) Potamogeton berchtoldii (Berchtold's Pondweed) Potamogeton diversifolius (Water-Thread Pondweed) Potamogeton epihydrus (Ribbon-Leaved Pondweed) Potamogeton foliosus (Leafy Pondweed) Potamogeton friesii (Flat-Stalked Pondweed) Potamogeton gramineus (Variable-Leaved Pondweed) Potamogeton illinoensis (Illinois Pondweed) Potamogeton natans (Floating-Leaved Pondweed) Potamogeton nodosus (Long-Leaved Pondweed) Potamogeton oakesianus (Oakes' Pondweed) Potamogeton praelongus (White-Stemmed Pondweed) Potamogeton pulcher (Spotted Pondweed) Potamogeton pusillus (Small Pondweed) Potamogeton richardsonii (Richardson's Pondweed) Potamogeton robbinsii (Robbins' Pondweed) Potamogeton zosteriformis (Flat-Stemmed Pondweed) Potentilla spp. (Cinquefoil) Potentilla canadensis (Dwarf Cinquefoil) Potentilla intermedia (Intermediate Cinquefoil) Potentilla norvegica (Rough Cinquefoil) Potentilla recta (Sulfur Cinquefoil) Potentilla simplex (Common Cinquefoil) Prenanthes spp. (White Lettuce) Prenanthes alba (White Lettuce) Prenanthes altissima (Tall White Lettuce) Prenanthes trifoliata (Gall-of-the-Earth) Primula spp. (Primrose) Proboscidea louisianica (Unicorn Plant) Proserpinaca pectinata (Comb-leaved Mermaid Weed) Prunus spp. (Cherry, Plum) Prunus americana (Wild Plum) Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw Plum) Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) Prunus avium (Sweet Cherry) Prunus cerasus (Sour Cherry) Prunus domestica (European Plum) Prunus hortulana (Wild Goose Plum) Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb Cherry) Prunus nigra (Canada Plum) Prunus padus (Bird Cherry) Prunus pensylvanica (Pin Cherry) Prunus persica (Peach) Prunus pumila (Sand Cherry) Prunus serotina (Wild Black Cherry) Prunus triloba (Flowering Almond) Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry) Pseudognaphalium spp. (Cudweed) Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (Sweet Everlasting) Psoralea esculenta (Breadroot Scurfpea) Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Scurf Pea) Ptelea trifoliata (Wafer Ash) Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern) Ptilimnium capillaceum (Atlantic Mock Bishopweed) Puccinellia spp. (Alkali Grass) Pueraria lobata (Kudzu Vine) Pycnanthemum spp. (Mountain Mint) Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Slender Mountain Mint) Pyrus spp. (Pear) Pyrus communis (Pear) Quercus spp. (Oak) Quercus alba (White Oak) Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak) Quercus coccinea (Scarlet Oak) Quercus ellipsoidalis (Hill's Oak) Quercus falcata (Southern Red Oak) Quercus ilicifolia (Bear Oak) Quercus imbricaria (Shingle Oak) Quercus lyrata (Overcup Oak) Quercus macrocarpa (Bur Oak) Quercus marilandica (Blackjack Oak) Quercus michauxii (Swamp Chestnut Oak) Quercus muhlenbergii (Chinkapin Oak) Quercus nigra (Water Oak) Quercus pagoda (Cherrybark Oak) Quercus palustris (Pin Oak) Quercus phellos (Willow Oak) Quercus prinoides (Dwarf Chinkapin Oak) Quercus prinus (Rock Chestnut Oak) Quercus robur (English Oak) Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak) Quercus shumardii (Shumard's Oak) Quercus stellata (Post Oak) Quercus velutina (Black Oak) Ranunculus spp. (Buttercup, Crowfoot) Ranunculus abortivus (Small-flowered Buttercup) Ranunculus acris (Tall Buttercup) Ranunculus gmelinii (Small Yellow Water Crowfoot) Ranunculus hispidus (Hairy Buttercup) Ranunculus repens (Creeping Buttercup) Ranunculus sceleratus (Cursed Crowfoot) Raphanus spp. (Radish, Wild Radish) Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild Radish) Raphanus sativus (Radish) Rapistrum rugosum (Wild Rape) Ratibida spp. (Yellow Coneflower) Ratibida columnifera (Long-headed Coneflower) Ratibida pinnata (Yellow Coneflower) Reseda alba (Mignonette) Reseda luteola (Dyer's Rocket) Reynoutria japonica (Japanese Knotweed) Rhamnus spp. (Buckthorn) Rhamnus alnifolia (Alder Buckthorn) Rhamnus cathartica (European Buckthorn) Rhamnus lanceolata (Lance-Leaved Buckthorn) Rheum rhaponticum (Rhubarb) Rhexia spp. (Meadow Beauty) Rhexia mariana (Maryland Meadow Beauty) Rhexia virginica (Virginia Meadow Beauty) Rhododendron spp. (Rhododendron, Azalea) Rhododendron calendulaceum (Flame Azalea) Rhododendron canescens (Sweet Mountain Azalea) Rhododendron maximum (Rosebay Rhododendron) Rhododendron periclymenoides (Pinkster Flower) Rhododendron viscosum (Swamp Azalea) Rhus spp. (Sumac) Rhus aromatica (Fragrant Sumac) Rhus copallina (Winged Sumac) Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac) Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) Rhynchospora spp. (Beaked Rush) Rhynchospora corniculata (Great Beaked Rush) Ribes spp. (Currant, Gooseberry) Ribes americanum (Wild Black Currant) Ribes aureum (Golden Currant) Ribes cynosbati (Prickly Gooseberry) Ribes glandulosum (Skunk Currant) Ribes hirtellum (Northern Gooseberry) Ribes missouriense (Missouri Gooseberry) Ribes nigrum (Black Currant) Ribes rotundifolium (Appalachian Gooseberry) Ribes rubrum (Red Currant) Ricinus communis (Castor Bean) Robinia spp. (Locust) Robinia hispida (Bristly Locust) Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) Rorippa spp. (Yellow Cress) Rorippa palustris (Marsh Yellow Cress) Rorippa sylvestris (Creeping Yellow Cress) Rosa spp. (Wild Rose) Rosa arkansana (Prairie Rose) Rosa canina (Dog Rose) Rosa carolina (Pasture Rose) Rosa × medioccidentalis (Midwest Rose) Rosa multiflora (Multiflora Rose) Rosa rugosa (Beach Rose) Rosa setigera (Wild Climbing Rose) Rosa virginiana (Virginia Rose) Rubus spp. (Blackberry, Raspberry) Rubus allegheniensis (Common Blackberry) Rubus argutus (Highbush Blackberry) Rubus flagellaris (Northern Dewberry) Rubus frondosus (Leafy-Bracted Blackberry) Rubus hispidus (Swamp Dewberry) Rubus idaeus (Red Raspberry) Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry) Rubus odoratus (Purple-Flowering Raspberry) Rubus parviflorus (Thimbleberry) Rubus pubescens (Dwarf Red Blackberry) Rubus trivialis (Southern Dewberry) Rudbeckia spp. (Coneflower, Black-Eyed Susan) Rudbeckia hirta (Black-Eyed Susan) Rudbeckia laciniata (Cutleaf Coneflower) Rudbeckia missouriensis (Missouri Coneflower) Rudbeckia subtomentosa (Sweet Coneflower) Rudbeckia triloba (Brown-Eyed Susan) Ruellia spp. (Wild Petunia) Ruellia caroliniensis (Carolina Wild Petunia) Ruellia humilis (Hairy Wild Petunia) Rumex spp. (Dock) Rumex acetosa (Garden Sorrel) Rumex acetosella (Sheep Sorrel) Rumex altissimus (Pale Dock) Rumex crispus (Curly Dock) Rumex maritimus (Beach Dock) Rumex obtusifolius (Bitter Dock) Rumex orbiculatus (Great Water Dock) Rumex patientia (Patience Dock) Rumex verticillatus (Swamp Dock) Sagina spp. (Pearlwort) Sagittaria spp. (Arrowhead) Sagittaria engelmanniana (Engelmann's Arrowhead) Sagittaria filiformis (Threadleaf Arrowhead) Sagittaria graminea (Grass-Leaved Arrowhead) Sagittaria latifolia (Common Arrowhead) Sagittaria rigida (Stiff Arrowhead) Salix spp. (Willow) Salix alba (White Willow) Salix amygdaloides (Peach-Leaved Willow) Salix babylonica (Weeping Willow) Salix bebbiana (Bebb's Willow) Salix caprea (Goat Willow) Salix caroliniana (Ward's Willow) Salix discolor (Pussy Willow) Salix eriocephala (Broad-Leaved Willow) Salix × fragilis (Crack Willow) Salix humilis (Prairie Willow) Salix humilis tristis (Dwarf Prairie Willow) Salix interior (Sandbar Willow) Salix lucida (Shining Willow) Salix myricoides (Blue-leaved Willow) Salix nigra (Black Willow) Salix pentandra (Bay-Leaved Willow) Salix petiolaris (Meadow Willow) Salix purpurea (Purple Willow) Salix rigida (Heart-Leaved Willow) Salix sericea (Silky Willow) Salix syrticola (Dune Willow) Salsola collina (Saltwort) Salsola tragus (Russian Thistle) Salvia spp. (Sage) Salvia azurea (Wild Blue Sage) Salvia officinalis (Garden Sage) Sambucus spp. (Elderberry) Sambucus canadensis (Common Elderberry) Sambucus racemosa (Red Elderberry) Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) Sanicula spp. (Black Snakeroot) Sanicula canadensis (Canada Black Snakeroot) Saponaria spp. (Soapwort) Saponaria officinalis (Soapwort) Sarracenia purpurea (Northern Pitcher Plant) Sassafras spp. (Sassafras) Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) Satureja hortensis (Summer Savory) Saururus cernuus (Lizard's Tail) Saxifraga spp. (Saxifrage) Saxifraga michauxii (Michaux's Saxifrage) Schedonnardus paniculatus (Tumble Grass) Schizachne purpurascens (False Melic Grass) Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem) Schoenoplectus spp. (Bulrush) Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bulrush) Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (River Bulrush) Schoenoplectus pungens (Three-Square) Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Giant Bulrush) Schrankia nuttallii (Sensitive Brier) Scilla spp. (Squill) Scirpus spp. (Bulrush) Scirpus atrocinctus (Black-Girdle Bulrush) Scirpus atrovirens (Dark Green Bulrush) Scirpus cyperinus (Wool Grass) Scirpus microcarpus (Small-Fruited Bulrush) Scleria spp. (Nut Rush) Scrophularia spp. (Figwort) Scrophularia lanceolata (Early Figwort) Scrophularia marilandica (Late Figwort) Scutellaria spp. (Skullcap) Scutellaria elliptica (Hairy Skullcap) Scutellaria galericulata (Marsh Skullcap) Scutellaria incana (Downy Skullcap) Scutellaria lateriflora (Mad-Dog Skullcap) Scutellaria nervosa (Veiny Skullcap) Scutellaria ovata (Woodland Skullcap) Scutellaria parvula (Small Skullcap) Secale cereale (Rye) Sedum spp. (Sedum) Sedum reflexum (Rock Stonecrop) Senecio spp. (Ragwort) Senecio aureus (Golden Ragwort) Senecio glabellus (Butterweed) Senecio jacobaea (Tansy Ragwort) Senecio obovatus (Spoon-Leaved Ragwort) Senecio pauperculus (Balsam Ragwort) Senecio vulgaris (Common Groundsel) Senna spp. (Wild Senna) Senna hebecarpa (Wild Senna) Senna marilandica (Maryland Senna) Senna obtusifolia (Sicklepod) Senna occidentalis (Coffee Senna) Sericocarpus asteroides (Toothed Whitetop Aster) Sesbania herbacea (Coffeeweed) Setaria spp. (Foxtail) Setaria faberi (Giant Foxtail) Setaria glauca (Yellow Foxtail) Setaria italica (Italian Millet) Setaria parviflora (Marsh Bristlegrass) Setaria viridis (Green Foxtail) Shepherdia argentea (Silver Buffaloberry) Shepherdia canadensis (Russet Buffaloberry) Sibara virginica (Virginia Rock Cress) Sicyos angulatus (Bur Cucumber) Sida spp. (Sida) Sida spinosa (Prickly Sida) Silene spp. (Catchfly, Campion) Silene pratensis (Evening Campion) Silene rotundifolia (Round-leaved Catchfly) Silene stellata (Starry Campion) Silene virginica (Firepink) Silene vulgaris (Bladder Campion) Silphium spp. (Silphium) Silphium integrifolium (Rosinweed) Silphium laciniatum (Compass Plant) Silphium perfoliatum (Cup Plant) Silphium terebinthinaceum (Prairie Dock) Silybum spp. (Milk Thistle) Sinapis alba (White Mustard) Sinapis arvensis (Field Mustard) Sisymbrium spp. (Hedge Mustard) Sisymbrium altissimum (Tumble Mustard) Sisymbrium loeselii (Tall Hedge Mustard) Sisymbrium officinale (Common Hedge Mustard) Sium suave (Water Parsnip) Smallanthus uvedalius (Bear's Foot) Smilacina spp. (False Solomon's Seal) Smilacina racemosa (False Solomon's Seal) Smilacina stellata (Starry Solomon's Plume) Smilax spp. (Greenbrier) Smilax glauca (Glaucous Greenbrier) Smilax lasioneura (Common Carrion Flower) Smilax rotundifolia (Common Greenbrier) Smilax tamnoides hispida (Bristly Greenbrier) Solanum spp. (Nightshade) Solanum carolinense (Horsenettle) Solanum dimidiatum (Torrey's Horsenettle) Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet Nightshade) Solanum elaeagnifolium (Silverleaf Nightshade) Solanum ptycanthum (Black Nightshade) Solanum rostratum (Buffalo Bur) Solanum sarrachoides (Hairy Nightshade) Solanum triflorum (Cut-Leaved Nightshade) Solanum tuberosum (Potato) Solidago spp. (Goldenrod) Solidago altissima (Tall Goldenrod) Solidago arguta (Atlantic Goldenrod) Solidago bicolor (Silver-Rod) Solidago caesia (Blue-Stem Goldenrod) Solidago canadensis (Canada Goldenrod) Solidago drummondii (Drummond's Goldenrod) Solidago flexicaulis (Zigzag Goldenrod) Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) Solidago juncea (Early Goldenrod) Solidago missouriensis (Missouri Goldenrod) Solidago mollis (Velvety Goldenrod) Solidago nemoralis (Field Goldenrod) Solidago patula (Swamp Goldenrod) Solidago petiolaris (Downy Goldenrod) Solidago radula (Rough Goldenrod) Solidago rugosa (Rough-Leaved Goldenrod) Solidago sempervirens (Seaside Goldenrod) Solidago speciosa (Showy Goldenrod) Solidago uliginosa (Bog Goldenrod) Solidago ulmifolia (Elm-Leaved Goldenrod) Sonchus spp. (Sow-Thistle) Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Sowthistle) Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle) Sorbus spp. (Mountain Ash) Sorbus americana (American Mountain Ash) Sorbus aucuparia (European Mountain Ash) Sorghastrum nutans (Indian Grass) Sorghum spp. (Sorghum) Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) Sorghum halepense (Johnson Grass) Sorghum sudanense (Sudan Grass) Sparganium spp. (Bur-Reed) Sparganium americanum (American Bur-Reed) Sparganium androcladum (Branched Bur-Reed) Sparganium angustifolium (Narrow-Leaved Bur-Reed) Sparganium emersum (Green-Fruited Bur-Reed) Sparganium eurycarpum (Giant Bur-Reed) Spartina spp. (Cordgrass) Spartina pectinata (Prairie Cordgrass) Spergula spp. (Sand Spurrey) Spergula arvensis (Corn Spurrey) Spermolepis spp. (Scaleseed) Sphaeralcea spp. (Globe-Mallow) Sphaeralcea coccinea (Scarlet Globe-Mallow) Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) Spiraea spp. (Spiraea) Spiraea alba (Meadowsweet) Spiraea salicifolia (Willowleaf Meadowsweet) Spiraea tomentosa (Steeplebush) Spiraea × vanhouttei (Spiraea) Spirodela spp. (Greater Duckweed) Sporobolus spp. (Dropseed) Sporobolus asper (Tall Dropseed) Sporobolus cryptandrus (Sand Dropseed) Sporobolus heterolepis (Prairie Dropseed) Sporobolus neglectus (Small Dropseed) Sporobolus pyramidatus (Whorled Dropseed) Stachys spp. (Hedge Nettle) Staphylea spp. (Bladdernut) Staphylea trifoliata (Bladdernut) Stellaria spp. (Chickweed) Stellaria graminea (Grass-Leaved Chickweed) Stellaria media (Common Chickweed) Stellaria pubera (Star Chickweed) Strophostyles spp. (Fuzzy Bean) Strophostyles helvula (Large Fuzzy Bean) Strophostyles leiosperma (Small Fuzzy Bean) Strophostyles umbellata (Sand Fuzzy Bean) Stuckenia pectinata (Sago Pondweed) Stylisma pickeringii pattersonii (Patterson's Dawnflower) Stylosanthes biflora (Pencil Flower) Styphnolobium japonicum (Japanese Pagoda Tree) Styrax spp. (Storax) Styrax americana (American Storax) Styrax grandifolia (Big-leaved Snowbell) Suaeda spp. (Sea Blite) Suaeda calceoliformis (Sea Blite) Symphoricarpos spp. (Snowberry, etc.) Symphoricarpos albus (Snowberry) Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Wolfberry) Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (Coralberry) Symphyotrichum spp. (Aster) Symphytum spp. (Comfrey) Symphytum officinale (Common Comfrey) Symplocarpus foetidus (Skunk Cabbage) Synapis spp. (Mustard) Synapis alba (White Mustard) Synapis arvensis (Charlock) Syringa spp. (Lilac) Syringa vulgaris (Common Lilac) Taenidia integerrima (Yellow Pimpernel) Tagetes spp. (Cultivated Marigold) Tagetes erecta (Aztec Marigold) Tagetes patula (French Marigold) Tanacetum spp. (Tansy) Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew) Tanacetum vulgare (Common Tansy) Taraxacum spp. (Dandelion) Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) Taxodium spp. (Bald Cypress) Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress) Taxus spp. (Yew) Taxus canadensis (Canada Yew) Tephrosia virginiana (Goat's Rue) Teucrium canadense (American Germander) Thalia geniculata (Bent Alligator Flag) Thalictrum spp. (Meadow Rue) Thalictrum dasycarpum (Purple Meadow Rue) Thalictrum pubescens (Tall Meadow Rue) Thaspium spp. (Meadow Parsnip) Thaspium barbinode (Hairy-Jointed Meadow Parsnip) Thaspium trifoliatum (Meadow Parsnip) Thelypteris spp. (Marsh Fern, New York Fern) Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York Fern) Thelypteris palustris (Marsh Fern) Thinopyrum intermedium (Intermediate Wheatgrass) Thlaspi spp. (Pennycress) Thlaspi arvense (Field Pennycress) Thuja spp. (Cedar, Arborvitae) Thuja occidentalis (Northern White Cedar) Tiarella cordifolia (Foamflower) Tilia spp. (Linden, Basswood) Tilia americana (American Basswood) Tilia cordata (Little-leaved Linden) Tilia × europaea (Common Linden) Tilia heterophylla (White Basswood) Tomanthera auriculata (Ear-leaved False Foxglove) Torilis spp. (Hedge Parsley) Toxicodendron spp. (Poison Ivy, Poison Sumac) Toxicodendron pubescens (Poison Oak) Toxicodendron radicans (Poison Ivy) Toxicodendron vernix (Poison Sumac) Trachelospermum difforme (Climbing Dogbane) Tradescantia spp. (Spiderwort) Tradescantia bracteata (Prairie Spiderwort) Tradescantia ohiensis (Ohio Spiderwort) Tradescantia subaspera (Zigzag Spiderwort) Tradescantia virginiana (Virginia Spiderwort) Tragopogon spp. (Goat's Beard) Tragopogon dubius (Sand Goat's Beard) Tragopogon porrifolius (Oyster Plant) Tragopogon pratensis (Yellow Goat's Beard) Triadenum virginicum (Virginia Marsh St. John's Wort) Tribulus terrestris (Puncture Vine) Trichostema spp. (Blue Curls) Trichostema dichotomum (Blue Curls) Tridens spp. (Purple-Top) Tridens flavus (Purple-Top) Trifolium spp. (Clover) Trifolium campestre (Low Hop Clover) Trifolium hybridum (Alsike Clover) Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson Clover) Trifolium medium (Zigzag Clover) Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) Trifolium repens (White Clover) Triglochin spp. (Arrow-Grass) Triglochin maritima (Sea Arrowgrass) Triglochin palustris (Marsh Arrowgrass) Trigonella spp. (Fenugreek) Trillium spp. (Trillium) Trillium grandiflorum (Large-flowered Trillium) Triosteum spp. (Horse Gentian) Tripleurospermum perforatum (Scentless Chamomile) Tripsacum dactyloides (Gama Grass) Triticum spp. (Wheat) Triticum aestivum (Wheat) Tropaeolum majus (Garden Nasturtium) Tropaeolum minus (Dwarf Nasturtium) Tsuga spp. (Hemlock) Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) Tulipa spp. (Tulip) Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot) Typha spp. (Cattails) Typha latifolia (Common Cattail) Ulmus spp. (Elm) Ulmus alata (Winged Elm) Ulmus americana (American Elm) Ulmus carpinifolia (Smooth-leaved Elm) Ulmus glabra (Scots Elm) Ulmus parviflora (Chinese Elm) Ulmus procera (English Elm) Ulmus pumila (Siberian Elm) Ulmus rubra (Slippery Elm) Ulmus thomasii (Rock Elm) Uniola latifolia (River Oats) Urtica spp. (Nettles) Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) Urtica gracilis (Slender Stinging Nettle) Utricularia spp. (Bladderwort) Utricularia inflata (Swollen Bladderwort) Utricularia macrorhiza (Common Bladderwort) Vaccinium spp. (Blueberry, Cranberry) Vaccinium angustifolium (Low-Bush Blueberry) Vaccinium arboreum (Farkleberry) Vaccinium corymbosum (High-bush Blueberry) Vaccinium macrocarpum (Large Cranberry) Vaccinium myrtilloides (Canada Blueberry) Vaccinium oxycoccos (Small Cranberry) Vaccinium pallidum (Low-Bush Blueberry) Vaccinium stamineum (Deerberry) Valeriana spp. (Valerian) Valerianella spp. (Corn Salad) Valerianella radiata (Beaked Corn Salad) Vallisneria americana (Water Celery) Veratrum spp. (False Hellebore) Veratrum viride (Green False Hellebore) Verbascum spp. (Mullein) Verbascum blattaria (Moth Mullein) Verbascum thapsus (Great Mullein) Verbena spp. (Vervain) Verbena hastata (Blue Vervain) Verbena officinalis (European Vervain) Verbena stricta (Hoary Vervain) Verbena urticaefolia (White Vervain) Verbesina spp. (Crown-Beard) Verbesina alternifolia (Wingstem) Verbesina encelioides (Golden Crownbeard) Verbesina helianthoides (Yellow Crownbeard) Verbesina occidentalis (Opposite-leaved Wingstem) Verbesina virginica (White Crownbeard) Vernonia spp. (Ironweed) Vernonia arkansana (Great Ironweed) Vernonia baldwinii (Baldwin's Ironweed) Vernonia fasciculata (Smooth Ironweed) Vernonia gigantea (Tall Ironweed) Vernonia missurica (Missouri Ironweed) Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed) Veronica spp. (Speedwell) Veronica anagallis-aquatica (Water Speedwell) Veronica arvensis (Corn Speedwell) Veronica beccabunga (European Speedwell) Veronica peregrina (Purslane Speedwell) Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's Root) Viburnum spp. (Viburnum, Arrow-Wood) Viburnum acerifolium (Maple-Leaved Viburnum) Viburnum cassinoides (Withe-Rod) Viburnum dentatum (Arrow-Wood) Viburnum dilatatum (Linden Arrow-Wood) Viburnum lentago (Nannyberry) Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring Tree) Viburnum lantanoides (Hobblebush) Viburnum nudum (Naked Viburnum) Viburnum opulus (European Cranberry-Bush) Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw Viburnum) Viburnum rafinesquianum (Rafinesque's Arrow-Wood) Viburnum recognitum (Smooth Arrow-Wood) Viburnum trilobum (American Cranberry-Bush) Vicia spp. (Vetch) Vicia americana (American Vetch) Vicia carolina (Carolina Vetch) Vicia cracca (Cow Vetch) Vicia villosa (Hairy Vetch) Vigna spp. (Cow Pea) Vigna unguiculata (Cow Pea) Vinca spp. (Periwinkle) Vinca major (Greater Periwinkle) Viola spp. (Violet) Viola bicolor (Field Pansy) Viola fimbriatula (Sand Violet) Viola lanceolata (Lance-leaved Violet) Viola macloskeyi pallens (Northern White Violet) Viola odorata (Sweet Violet) Viola pedata (Bird's Foot Violet) Viola × primulifolia (Primrose Violet) Viola pubescens (Downy Yellow Violet) Viola rotundifolia (Round-leaved Violet) Viola septentrionalis (Northern Blue Violet) Viola sororia (Common Blue Violet) Viola tricolor (Johnny Jump-Up) Vitis spp. (Wild Grape) Vitis aestivalis (Summer Grape) Vitis labruscana (Labruscan Grape) Vitis riparia (Riverbank Grape) Vitis vulpina (Frost Grape) Vulpia octoflora (Six-Weeks Fescue) Wisteria spp. (Wisteria) Xanthium spp. (Cocklebur) Xanthium strumarium (Common Cocklebur) Yucca spp. (Yucca) Yucca smalliana (Eastern Yucca) Zannichellia palustris (Horned Pondweed) Zanthoxylum spp. (Prickly Ash) Zanthoxylum americanum (Prickly Ash) Zea mays (Corn) Zigadenus elegans glaucus (White Camass) Zizania aquatica (Wild Rice) Zizaniopsis miliacea (Southern Wild Rice) Zizia spp. (Golden Alexanders) Zizia aptera (Heart-leaved Golden Alexanders) Zizia aurea (Golden Alexanders) Zoysia spp. (Zoysia)
_____________________________________________________________