Insects Feeding
on these Plants:
____________
Malus spp. (Apple, Crab Apple) [Rosaceae]
(Observations are from Funkhouser, Hottes & Frison, Wagner, Yanega, Marshall, Dennis, Barnes, Dmitriev & Dietrich, DeLong, Milne & Milne, and Arnett & Jacques, Bouseman & Sternburg, Covell, MacRae, Needham et al., Smith, Blackman & Eastop, Wheeler et al., Watson, Opler & Krizek, Miller, Pepper, Robinson & Bradley, Majka et al., Cranshaw, ScaleNet)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Bostrichidae: Amphicerus bicaudatus (Apple Twig Borer) MM1980; Buprestidae: Agrilus vittaticollis Msh2006, Chrysobothris femorata (Flat-Headed Apple Tree Borer) AJ1981 Mcr1991 Msh2006; Cerambycidae: Saperda candida (Round-headed Apple Tree Borer) [larvae bore through wood of live trees] Ya1996 Crw2004, Saperda cretata (Spotted Apple Tree Borer) [larvae bore through wood of live trees] Ya1996; Curculionidae: Anthonomus quadrigibbus (Apple Curculio) [this insect is widely distributed] Msh2006 MAM2007, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Plum Curculio) [feeds on fruits] Crw2004, Rhynchaenus pallicornis (Apple Flea Weevil) [larvae are leafminers; syn. Orchestes pallicornis] Ndm1928 Crw2004, Stenoscelis brevis [polyphagous, larvae are found under bark; this insect is widely distributed] MAM2007; Scarabaeidae: Macrodactylus subspinosus (Rose Chafer) [skeletonizes leaves, feeds on flowers] Crw2004, Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle) [polyphagous] Crw2004; Scolytidae: Scolytus rugulosus (Shothole Borer) [apple & crab apple are preferred host plants; this Eurasian insect is widely distributed in North America] MAM2007
Diptera (Flies)
Tephritidae: Rhagoletis pomenella (Apple Maggot) [larvae develop in fruit] MM1980 Msh2006
Heteroptera (True Bugs)
Miridae: Blepharidopterus provancheri [moist shaded situations] Wat1928, Corticoris signatus WHM1983, Heterocordylus malinus Wat1928, Lygidea mendax (Apple Red Bug) Wat1928, Lygus lineolaris (Tarnished Plant Bug) Wat1928, Phytocoris erectus WHM1983; Pentatomidae: Acrosternum hilaris (Green Stink Bug) [polyphagous, sucks juices of foliage, flowers, & fruit] MM1980
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Aphis chetansapa HF1931, Aphis pomi (Green Apple Aphid) [feeds on young growth; introduced into North America from Europe] MM1980 HF1931 Pp1965 RB1965 Crw2004, Dysaphis plantaginea (Rosy Apple Aphid) [forms crumpled-leaf galls on Malus spp., migrating during the summer to the leaf undersides of Plantago spp.] MM1980 BE2013, Eriosoma lanigerum (Woolly Apple Aphid) [found on roots, trunks, and branches, causing deformation & cancer-like swellings of the bark] MM1980 Msh2006 BE2013 Crw2004, Nearctaphis bakeri (Short-beaked Clover Aphid) [found on leaves & flower buds of hawthorns & other shrubs in the Rosaceae, migrating during the summer to herbaceous plants in the Fabaceae & other plant families; widely distributed in North America, including Illinois] BE2013 Crw2004, Prociphilus caryae fitchii [causes cupping & curling of leaves on Malus spp. & Amelanchier spp., migrating to the roots of White Pine; this aphid is distributed in E USA & SE Canada, including Wisconsin] BE2013, Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae (Apple-Grass Aphid) [curls young leaves of various trees & shrubs in the Rosaceae, migrating during the summer to the roots of various grasses; this aphid is found in NE & north-central USA, including Illinois] BE2013 RB1965 Crw2004; Cicadellidae: Eratoneura hartii [preferred host plants] DD2010, Eratoneura omani [preferred host plants] DD2010, Erythridula dowelli [preferred host plants] DD2010, Erythridula electa DD2010, Erythridula insigna DD2010, Erythridula lawsoniana [preferred host plants, syn. Erythroneura lawsoniana] Dlg1948 DD2010, Erythridula magnacalx DD2010, Erythroneura obliqua Dlg1948, Kybos maligna [preferred host plants, syn. Empoasca maligna] Dlg1948 DD2010, Typhlocyba pomaria (White Apple Leafhopper) [found on leaves; syn. Zonotyba pomaria] Dlg1948 Crw2004; Diaspididae: Chionaspis furfura (Scurfy Bark Scale) [found on branches & trunks, less often on young shoots, fruit, & leaves; plant species in the Rosaceae are preferred hosts; this insect is widely distributed in the USA & S Canada] SN2014, Diaspidiotus ancylis (Putnam Scale) [found on leaves, sometimes bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA] SN2014, Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (False San Jose Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in N USA & S Canada, also in Eurasia, where it is native] SN2014, Epidiaspis leperii (Italian Pear Scale) [found on young branches & twigs; this insect occurs in NE USA & Missouri] SN2014, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Oystershell Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA, S Canada, & Eurasia] SN2014 MM1980, Lopholeucaspis japonica (Japanese Maple Scale) [causes dieback of branches, polyphagous; this insect is found mostly in NE USA, it was introduced from E Asia] SN2014; Membracidae: Archasia belfragei [polyphagous] Den1952, Ceresa bubalus (Buffalo Treehopper) [polyphagous] Den1952, Glossonotus crataegi Fnk1917, Hadrophallus borealis [polyphagous] Den1952, Stictocephala taurina [polyphagous] Den1952, Tortistilus inermis [polyphagous] Den1952; Pseudococcidae: Dysmicoccus wistariae (Taxus Mealybug) [polyphagous, although Taxus spp. are preferred hosts; widely distributed in NE & north-central USA] SN2014, Pseudococcus maritimus (Grape Mealybug) [found on foliage, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed] SN2014, Pseudococcus sorghiellus (Trochanter Mealybug) [polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in eastern USA] SN2014
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Cimbicidae: Cimbex americana (Elm Sawfly) [larvae feed on leaves, polyphagous] Sm2006; Siricidae: Tremex columba (Pigeon Tremex) [larvae bore into wood, polyphagous] Sm2006; Tenthredinidae: Hoplocampa testudinea (European Apple Sawfly) [larvae feed on developing fruits, introduced into North America from abroad] Sm2006; Xiphydriidae: Xiphydria maculata [larvae bore into small branches] Sm2006
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Arctiidae: Haploa lecontei (Leconte's Haploa) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Haploa reversa (Reversed Haploa) Cv2005, Hyphantria cunea (Fall Webworm) [polyphagous] AJ1980 Cv2005; Choreutidae: Choreutis pariana (Apple & Thorn Skeletonizer) [introduced into N. America from Europe] Msh2006; Gelechiidae: Recurvaria nanella (Lesser Bud Moth) Ndm1928; Geometridae: Cepphis armataria (Scallop Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Msh2006, Eumacaria latiferrugata (Brown-Bordered Geometer) Cv2005, Lomographa vestaliata (White Spring Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005, Lycia ypsilon (Woolly Gray) Cv2005, Macaria coortaria (Four-Spotted Macaria) [syn. Itame coortaria] Cv2005, Scopula limboundata (Large Lace Border) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Gracillariidae: Parornix geminatella (Unspotted Tentiform Leafminer) Ndm1928, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Spotted Tentiform Leafminer) Crw2004, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Apple Blotch Leafminer) Ndm1928 Crw2004; Lasiocampidae: Malacosoma americanum (Eastern Tent Caterpillar) [preferred host plants] Cv2005 Wg2005, Tolype velleda (Large Tolype) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Limacodidae: Acharia stimulea (Saddleback Caterpillar) [syn. Sibine stimulea, polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Euclea delphinii (Spiny Oak Slug) [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Parasa chloris (Smaller Parasa) [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Parasa indetermina (Stinging Rose Caterpillar) [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Phobetron pithecium (Hag Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Tortricidia flexuosa [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005; Lycaenidae: Satyrium liparops (Striped Hairstreak) OK1984; Lymantriidae: Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth) [intro. into N. America from abroad] Cv2005; Noctuidae: Abagrotis alternata (Greater Red Dart) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Acronicta clarescens (Clear Dagger Moth) [syn. Acronicta pruni] Cv2005 Wg2005, Acronicta oblinita (Smeared Dagger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Acronicta radcliffei (Radcliffe's Dagger Moth) Cv2005 Wg2005, Acronicta superans (Splendid Dagger Moth) Wg2005, Balsa malana (Many-Dotted Appleworm) [found on leaves] Cv2005, Catocala blandula (Charming Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala clintoni (Clinton's Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala crataegi (Hawthorn Underwing) Cv2005 Wg2005, Catocala grynea (Woody Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala ultronia (Ultronia Underwing) Cv2005 Wg2005, Cerma cerintha (Tufted Bird-Dropping Moth) [syn. Tarachidia cerintha] Cv2005 Msh2006 Wg2005, Harrisimemna trisignata (Harris' Three-Spot) [polyphagous] Wg2005, Lacinipolia meditata (The Thinker) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Lithophane unimoda (Dowdy Pinion) Wg2005, Metaxaglaea viatica (Roadside Sallow) Cv2005, Orthosia hibisci (Speckled Green Fruitworm) Cv2005 Msh2006; Notodontidae: Schizura concinna (Red-Humped Appleworm) [polyphagous] Cv2005 MM1980, Schizura unicornis (Unicorn Caterpillar) [polyphagous] Wg2005; Nymphalidae: Limenitis archippus (Viceroy) AJ1981 Bar1999; Papilionidae: Papilio glaucus (Tiger Swallowtail) [polyphagous] BS2001; Saturniidae: Callosamia promethea (Promethea Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Hyalophora cecropia (Cecropia Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005; Sesiidae: Synanthedon scitula (Dogwood Borer Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Sphingidae: Hyles lineata (White-Lined Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005 MM1980, Smerinthus jamaicensis (Twin-Spotted Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Sphinx drupiferarum (Wild Cherry Sphinx) Cv2005 MM1980 Wg2005, Sphinx gordius (Gordian Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005; Tortricidae: Amorbia humerosana (White-Lined Leafroller Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Ancylis apicana [larvae feed within folded leaves] Mlr1987, Ancylis mediofasciana [larvae feed within rolled leaves; this moth is found north & east of Illinois, it also occurs in California] Mlr1987, Ancylis nubeculana (Little Cloud Ancylis) [larvae feed within folded leaves] Mlr1987, Archips argyrospila (Fruit Tree Leafroller Moth) [preferred host plants; larvae feed on buds, leaves, flowers, & fruits] Cv2005 Crw2004, Archips purpurana (Omnivorous Leafroller Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Choristoneura rosaceana (Oblique-Banded Leafroller) Msh2006, Clepsis melaleucana (Black-Patched Clepsis) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Msh2006, Cydia pomonella (Codling Moth) [larvae feed on fruits & seeds, intro. into N. America from Eurasia] Cv2005 Mlr1987, Grapholita molesta (Oriental Fruit Moth) [larvae feed in terminal growth & fruits] Mlr1987, Grapholita packardi (Cherry Fruitworm) [possible complex of closely related moth species] Mlr1987, Grapholita prunivora (Lesser Appleworm) [larvae feed in fruits] Mlr1987, Hedya chionosema (White-spotted Hedya) [larvae feed on buds & leaves] Mlr1987, Hedya ochroleucana (Off-white Hedya) [larvae feed within rolled leaves] Mlr1987, Olethreutes malana (Malana Leafroller Moth) [larvae feed in buds & rolled leaves] Mlr1987, Platynota flavedana (Dark-shaded Platynota) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Pseudexentera mali (Pale Apple Leafroller Moth) [larvae feed in buds, folded leaves, & young fruits] Mlr1987
Trombidiformes (Mites)
Eriophyidae: Aculus schlechtendali (Apple Rust Mite) [feeds on leaf undersides, sometimes damages skin of fruit] Crw2004