Insects Feeding
on these Plants:
____________
Viola spp. (Violet) [Violaceae]
(Observations are from Stannard, Marshall, Arnett & Jacques, Wagner, Hottes & Frison, Barnes, Bouseman & Sternburg, Covell, Cranshaw, Needham et al., Aldrich & Osten-Sacken, Smith, Felt, Blackman & Eastop, Opler & Krizek, Pepper, Spencer & Steyskal, Majka et al., ScaleNet)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Curculionidae: Barynotus moerens [polyphagous, larvae feed on roots; this Eurasian insect has been found in Nova Scotia] MAM2007
Diptera (Flies)
Agromyzidae: Calycomyza jucunda [larvae are leaf-miners, polyphagous] Ndm1928, Galiomyza violivora [larvae are blotch leaf-miners, probable host plants; found in Mississippi & Pennsylvania] SS1986; Cecidomyiidae: Dasineura semenivora (Violet Fruit Midge) [larvae deform seed capsules] Flt1917, Prodiplosis violicola (Violet Gall Midge) [leaves are partially folded by the larvae to provide shelter for their galls] AOS1905
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Abstrusomyzus phloxae [polyphagous] BE2013, Aulacorthum circumflexum (Crescent-Marked Lily Aphid) Crw2004, Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid) [polyphagous] Pp1965, Neotoxoptera violae (Violet Aphid) [found on leaf undersides, this aphid has been observed in Washington, D.C.] HF1931 BE2013; Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus solani (Solanum Mealybug) [found on lower leaves & roots, polyphagous; this insect has been found in Maryland & Virginia, although it occurs primarily in southern & western USA] SN2014, Spilococcus geraniae (Geranium Mealybug) [found on leaf undersides & leaf axils, polyphagous; this insect has been found in New York, California, & Bristish Columbia; Herb Robert was observed as a host plant in New York] SN2014
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Tenthredinidae: Ametastegia pallipes (Violet Sawfly) [larvae skeletonize leaves] Crw2004 Msh2006 Sm2006, Nefusa ambigua [larvae mine leaves] Sm2006
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Arctiidae: Apantesis nais (Nais Tiger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Hypercompe scribonia (Giant Leopard Moth) [syn. Ecpantheria scribonia, polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005; Geometridae: Eubaphe mendica (The Beggar) Cv2005 Wg2005; Nymphalidae: Boloria bellona (Meadow Fritillary) [found in open areas of central & N Illinois] BS2001, Boloria selene myrina (Silver-Bordered Fritillary) [found in open areas of east-central & N Illinois] BS2001 Msh2006 OK1984, Euptoieta claudia (Variegated Fritillary) [found in open areas] Bar1999 BS2001 Crw2004, Speyeria aphrodite (Aphrodite Fritillary) [found in open areas of mostly NE Illinois] BS2001 Msh2006, Speyeria atlantis (Atlantis Fritillary) [found in open areas of NE Illinois] BS2001, Speyeria cybele (Great Spangled Fritillary) [found in open areas & open woodlands] BS2001, Speyeria diana (Diana) [found in wooded areas & edges of forests in southern IL, now extirpated from the state] AJ1981 BS2001, Speyeria idalia (Regal Fritillary) [found in open areas of central & N Illinois] BS2001; Tortricidae: Archips purpurana [polyphagous]
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Thripidae: Odontothrips pictipennis St1968